摘要
背景:国际上学者们很早就应用能量法对跑步效率有过积极的探索。但做功效率测试方法学至今并不完善。目的:通过场地400m跑训练实测,测试人体跑步的做功效率。方法:以体育院校短跑专项一级、二级男子运动员共12人为研究对象,在最近1年内无肌肉损伤、骨折及循环呼吸系统疾病,且了解实验过程,自愿参加测试。运用CORTEX Meta Max 3B便携式气体分析仪结合高速摄像PULNIX CCD(TM6710)系统、自制分段计时器等仪器,在田径场上进行同步测试;应用能量法结合生理指标、运动学指标、数学模型及统计方法计算出人体做功效率值。结果与结论:运动中一个复步的人体重心的Y轴平均起伏距离是(10.0±1.70)cm;X轴分段平均速度是(7.00±0.23)m/s;运动时间是(57.20±1.84)s;人体400m跑运动净能耗、热能、空气阻力能、势能、动能及做功效率平均值分别是(301.2±29.3)kJ,(197.0±30.3)kJ,(5.3±0.6)kJ,(3.7±0.7)kJ,(95.2±10.9)kJ,(35.0±4.3)%。在平均速度(7.00±0.23)m/s下,通过实际场地测试400m跑做功效率(外功效率)的平均值为35%,人体运动中的净能耗大部分以热能的形式损耗。说明人体实际运动的做功效率,可以能量平衡理论模型结合运动生物力学手段测试。
BACKGROUND： So far, the testing methodologies of the work efficiency are not perfect, thoughinternational scholars have actively explored the energy methods for running efficiency early OBJECTIVE： To investigate the work efficiency of 400-meter running. METHODS： Twelve male subjects （the first or second rank sprinter） volunteered to participate in this study, and they had no muscle damage, fractures and diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems in the past 1 year We recorded synchronously the related parameters using the high speed PULNIX CCD （TM6710） system, the portable CORTEX, Meta Max 3B and the self-made timepiece of measuring time in the level track. Energy expenditure was collected by the MetaMax 3B system. We calculated the work efficiency of 400-meter running using mathematics modeling and the statistical methods based on theoretical analyzing and collected datum-physiological and kinematic parameters. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： We obtained average velocity in the X axis [（7.00±0.23） m/s] and average displacement data in the Y axis [（10.0±1.70） cm] at the centre of the body mass. The time of movement was （57.20±1.84） seconds. The net energy consumption, the heat energy, the drag energy, the potential energy, the kinetic energy and the work efficiency were （301.2±29.3） k J, （197.0±30.3） k J, （5.3±0.6） k J, （3.7±0.7） k J, （95.2±10.9） k J, （35.0±4.3）%, respectively. In the average speed of （7.00±0.23） m/s, it was concluded that the average work efficiency （external work efficiency） was 35% during 400-meter running in the level track. It is a viable method that combines the energy balance theory model with the means of biomechanics to measure the work efficiency of human body during exercise.
出处
《中国组织工程研究》
CAS
CSCD
2013年第11期2032-2039,共8页
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research
基金
上海体育学院2011年研究生创新科研培育项目(yjscx201109)~~
关键词
组织构建
组织构建与生物力学
运动医学
400M跑
做功效率
能量法
数学模型
能耗
速度
其他基金
tissue construction
tissue construction and biomechanics
sports medicine
400-meter running
work efficiency
energy method
mathematics modeling
energy consumption
velocity
other grants-supported paper
