摘要
通过查阅相关文献资料,深入分析了中国外来入侵植物的生活型,繁殖方式,果实类型,花大小、颜色和花期等特征。结果表明:中国分布的137种外来入侵植物,隶属于30科94属,其中菊科(46种)、禾本科(26种)、豆科(11种)、苋科(10种)和十字花科(6种)的植物占了中国入侵植物的72.3%。对其生活型分析的结果表明,外来入侵植物中,草本植物最多,有130种,占总种数的94.8%;灌木有3种;乔木有2种;和藤本有2种;分别占了2.2%、1.5%、1.5%。与全球部分地区相比,中国入侵植物中,木本植物(乔木和灌木)入侵比例较低。从繁殖方式来看,有88个种的主要繁殖方式是种子繁殖,占了64.2%;43个种的繁殖方式兼有克隆繁殖和种子繁殖,占31.4%。从花大小和颜色看,大部分的物种花比较小,产生小花的物种占了63.5%;而且其颜色鲜艳,有利于吸引昆虫传粉,花期也不长,花期短于5个月的占了66.4%。这些特征都有助于植物入侵。另外,果实的类型中干果占优势,占总入侵植物总数的95.6%,其中瘦果有62种;肉果占4.4%。结果表明,草本、可种子繁殖、花小、花期短的物种更容易入侵成功。
The life-form and breeding systems of Mien plants in China, including their fruit type, flower size, flower color and flowering duration, were deeply analyzed in this paper. The results show that there are 137 species of Mien invasive plants which belong to 30 families and 94 genera in China, of which Asteraceae （46 species）, Poaceae （26 species）, Fabaceae （ 11 species）, Amaranthaceae （ 10 species） and Brassicaceae （ 6 species） accounted for 72.3 % of China＇ s invasive plants. The analysis results of plant life forms show that the number of herbaceous plant is the largest, which has 130 types and the ratio of total species is 94.8% ; and only 3 species, 2 species, and 2 species of shrub, tree and vine, which accounts for 2. 2%, 1.5%, 1.5% respectively. Compared with some region of the world, the proportion of the invasibn of woody （trees and shrubs） plant is lower in China. In terms of breeding way, there are 88 species whose main breeding way is seed reproduction, accounting for 64.2% of the whole invasive species, while 43 species breed with both cloning and seed reproduction, accounting for 31.4%. In the perspective of flower, 63, 5% species produce relative small and bright color flowers which are favor for pollination by insects. They also has relative shorter flowering, and 66.4% species has a flowering time less than 5 months. All these characteristics could be benefit for plant invasion. In addition, 95.6% of total invasive plants have dry fruits, of which 62 species have achene; while only 4.4% of all invasive plants have fleshly fruits. The results Show that the species with herbaceous and seed reoroduction, small flower and short-flowering are easier to enter into China.
出处
《植物研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第3期351-359,共9页
Bulletin of Botanical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31060069)
