摘要
针对2013年春季中国中东部出现的严重灰霾空气污染,本文提出可以学习和借鉴美国1970年以来治理空气污染和减少PM2.5的经验教训。作者总结了美国在治理PM2.5污染的7条主要经验,即立法、执法和惩罚措施,城市治理重点,空气质量标准和监测标准的推进,空气污染的区域联防联控,全污染控制和低碳协同效应,改变能源结构和采用经济手段减少机动车污染等。并指出执法必严、违法必究、污染者付费等原则是行之有效的措施;同时美国在治理空气污染的教训值得汲取。
In the spring of 2013, China＇s eastern region experienced significant levels of air pollution. In response, this paper introduces the U.S. experience since the 1970s in tackling air pollution and reducing PM2.5 from which China may learn. The author summarizes seven major examples from the United States in controlling PM2.5 pollution, including legislation, enforcement actions, and punitive measures, and with a focus on urban areas, promotion of air quality and monitoring standards, cooperative regional air pollution prevention and control, synergies between pollution control and efforts at low-carbonization, and structural energy reform and the use of economic instruments to reduce motor vehicle pollution. And this paper notes that principles of strict enforcement, prosecution of violators, and payment by polluters are proven and effective measures to tackle air pollution. The United States has much experience in controlling air pollution from which it is worth drawing lessons.
出处
《中国能源》
2013年第4期15-19,42,共6页
Energy of China
