摘要
目的:分析贵州省苗族小学3～6年级儿童主观生活质量现状以及相关影响因素,以促进贵州省苗族儿童身心健康发展。方法:在贵州省苗族聚居县采用《儿少主观生活质量问卷》以分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取3～6年级苗族小学生510名作为研究对象。了解苗族儿童主观生活质量并对相关影响因素进行回归分析。结果:苗族儿童主观生活质量满意度较低。总体满意度均分为(44.59±12.64)分,为不太满意水平,显著低于全国常模的一般满意度水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。苗族儿童认知成分分数为(49.84±12.06),高于情感成分分数(42.28±10.09),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各维度满意度以抑郁体验分数最低,家庭生活分数最高,分数从低到高排列依次为抑郁体验、躯体情感、焦虑体验、学校生活、同伴交往、生活环境、自我认识、家庭生活。男童认知成分、情感成分和总体满意度评分均低于女童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单亲家庭儿童情感评分、总体主观生活质量满意度显著低于其他家庭儿童(P<0.05);父母是文盲的儿童认知成分评分、总体主观生活质量满意度低于父母是初中以上文化程度儿童的评分(P<0.05);学习成绩差的儿童情感成分和总体满意度低于成绩好的儿童(P<0.05);父母不关心的儿童认知成分、情感成分和总体满意度评分均低于父母关心的儿童(P<0.05)。不同年级儿童主观生活质量满意度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。回归分析发现父母对儿童的关心、儿童健康状况及儿童学习成绩对主观生活质量有显著影响(P<0.05)。结论:苗族儿童主观生活质量满意度均较低,以情感成分满意度最低。男童主观生活质量满意度低于女童。儿童学习成绩越好,父母越关心儿童学习、儿童自身的健康状况越好,则主观生活满意度越高。家庭经济水平、家庭类型、父母文化程度、儿童所在年级、是否为独生子女及家庭成员关系并不明显影响儿童主观生活质量。
Objective： To analyze the subjective life quality and relative factors of the Miao nationality children from Grade 3 - 6 in primary school in Guizhou province and improve the physical and mental health of the Miao nationality children in Guizhou province. Methods ： In a Miao county in Guizhou province Questionnaire on the Childl-en Subjective Quality of Life was used, stratified clus- ter random sampling method was used to selected 510 Miao childrer on Grade 3 -6 in primary school as research subjects. The survey fo- cused on the subjective life quality of the Miao children and ：egression analysis was used to analyze relative factors. Results： The subjective life quality satisfactions of the Miao children were low. The average score of the overall satisfaction was （44. 59 ± 12. 64）, which meant a less - satisfied level, and was significantly lower than that of normal level of tile country. The difference wa~ statistically significant （ P 〈 O. 05）. The cognitive score of the Miao children was （49. 84 ± 12.06） , higher than the emotional score （42. 28 ± 10. 09）. The difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0. 05 ） . Among all the satisfactions in different dimensions, the lowest was the depresc, ive experience and the highest was family life. The scores of satisfactions in increasing sequence were： depressive experience （lowest）, physical emotion, anxi- ety experience, school life, companion communication, living environment, self cognition, family life （highest）. The scores of cognitive components, emotional components and overall satisfaction of boys were all lower than those of girls. The differences were statistically signifi- cant （ P 〈 O. 05 ）. The scores of single - parent children were significantly lower than those of other children in emotional components （ P 〈 0. 05 ） and overall subjective life quality satistacSon （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The scores of children with uneducated parents were lower than those of children whose parents had received middle sohool or higher education in cognitive components （ P 〈 0. 05 ） and overall subjective life quality satisfaction （ P 〈 0.05 ） . The scores of children with poor academic performance were lower than those of children with good academic performance in emotional components （ P 〈 0. 05 ） and overall satisfaction （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . The scores of children who were less cared by parentswere lower than those of children who were more cared by parents in cognitive components, emotional components and overall satisfaction （P 〈 0. 05 ） . The subjective life quality satisfactions of children ondifferent grades showed no statistical significance （ P 〉 0. 05 ） . According to the results of regression analysis, parents＇ care and children health had great influ e on the subjective life quality （P 〈 0. 05 ） ; the academic performance of children had significant influence on the subjective life quality （P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusion： The subjective life quality satisfactions of the Miao children are low and the emotional com- ponents satisfaction is the lowest. The subjective life quality satisfactions of boys are lower than those of girls. The subjective life quality sat isfactions have positive correlation with academic performance of children, parents＇care and children health. The subjective life quality satis factions show no correlation with family wealth, family type, education level of parents, children＇s grade, family relations and whether is the only child.
出处
《中国妇幼保健》
CAS
北大核心
2013年第13期2077-2080,共4页
Maternal and Child Health Care of China
基金
贵州省科技厅社会攻关项目〔黔科合SY字(2011)302〕
关键词
苗族儿童
主观生活质量
影响因素
Miao nationality children
Subjective life quality
Influence factors
