摘要
农田生态系统是一个不稳定的生态系统 ,包括作物生境和非作物生境两个组成部分。非作物生境对作物生境中的害虫及其天敌可产生正的或负的影响。在短期农作物生境中 ,周期性的种植和收割使得其中的节肢动物群落亦周期性地呈现出群落重新形成、群落发展和群落瓦解 3个阶段。这一群落的发展和自然群落的演替是两种不同的发展方式。因此 ,将短期农作物生境内节肢动物群落的重新形成过程定义为群落的重建 ,而非作物生境内的节肢动物群落称之为作物生境内节肢动物群落的种库。群落重建是一个季节性的、可重复的动态变化过程 ,以群落的周期性彻底瓦解和周期性重新形成为最主要特征。种库为群落的重建提供移居者并接受群落瓦解时所迁出的节肢动物 ,保护群落的种库将有助于自然天敌群落的重建。自然天敌群落的重建是自然天敌保护和持续利用的生态学基础的一个重要组成部分 ,对天敌的保护利用和天敌效能的提高有十分重要的意义。
A crop ecosystem,an unstable ecosystem,is composed of crop fields and non crop habitats.Non crop habitats show positive or negative impacts on the pests and natural enemies in crop fields.In the fields of a short term crop,due to its periodic transplantation and harvest,arthropod community appears periodically 3 different stages which are community reformation,development and collapse.This kind of community development is different from the succession of a natural community.Therefore,the community reformation in a short term crop fields is conceptualized as community reestablishment,and the arthropod community in non crop habitats is named as the species pool of the arthropod community in crop fields,which provides colonies for community reestablishment and accepts emigrants from collapsing community in crop fields.Community reestablishment is a seasonal,repeatable and dynamic process,with the characteristics of periodic collapse and periodic reformation.Conserving species pool will benefit the reestablishment of natural enemy communities.It is one important part of the ecological basis for conserving and utilizing natural enemies,which is of important significance to their conservation and efficacy enhancement.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2000年第6期1107-1112,共6页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(39770514)
国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(39830040)
关键词
短期农作物生境
节肢动物群落
群落重建
short term crop field
arthropod community
community reestablishment
