摘要
油品蒸发在引发环境污染的同时,还会造成大量油品浪费,并且因蒸发的都是油料中的较轻组分,严重影响了油品质量。引起油品蒸发的内因是油料的馏分组成,馏分组成越轻,沸点越低,蒸气压越大,蒸发损耗越大;促使油品蒸发的外因主要有温度、油罐上方空间、油罐的密封程度及大小呼吸等。浮顶油罐因其能够消灭自由表面,因此可减少静止储存损耗(小呼吸损耗)。浮顶油罐受外界环境中风的作用,油罐周边密封圈空间产生强制对流,计算其静止储存损耗时可以从风力的影响入手。文中对浮顶油罐静止储存损耗、发油损耗和回逆损耗的计算进行了详细说明。在实际生产中,可通过建立健全规章制度,加强设备维护保养,降低油罐内温差及其变化幅度,提高油罐承压能力,消除油面上的气体空间,收集和回收油蒸气以及对油罐安装呼吸阀挡板来降低油品的蒸发损耗。
Evaporation of oil products pollutes the environment and also results in a big loss of oil products.In addition,the vapor consists of lighter components of the fuel and the loss of these components dramatically affects the quality of the oil product.The internal cause of evaporation of oil products is the fractional composition of the fuel.The ligher the fractional composition is,the lower the boiling point is and the greater the vapor pressure is,the greater the vapor loss will be.The external causes of the vapor loss include temperature,the vapor space in the fuel tank,the seal of the fuel tank and working and breathing losses.A floating-roof tank can elimiate vapor space and thus can reduce standing storage loss（breathing loss）.Affected by wind in the ambient environment,there will be forced convection in the sealing ring space of the floating roof fuel tank.Calculations of the standing storage loss for such a tank can start with the evaluation of the effect of wind.This article elaborates on the methods of calculating the standing storage loss,working loss and return loss in relation to floating-roof fuel tanks.In actual operations,vapor loss of oil products can be alleviated by establishing and perfecting operation regulations,strengthening equipment maintenance,reducing temperature difference and amplitude of temperature variation,raising fuel tanks′ loading capacity,eliminating vapor space,collecting and recycling oil vapor and installing breather valve flaps for fuel tanks.
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2013年第4期89-92,共4页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
油品蒸发
静止储存损耗
发油损耗
回逆损耗
措施
oil product evaporation
standing storage loss
working loss
return loss
measures
