摘要
不同项目对运动员体能具有不同的专项要求,最终形成的体能带有明显的专项性特征。短距离速滑属体能主导类速度力量性项目,体能差别是目前制约我国短距离速滑进一步发展的症结所在。短距离速滑运动员具有最佳的身体形态将有助于比赛的成功,身材高的运动员在滑跑弯道时,较身材矮的运动员具有生物力学上的优势,不同的身体形态在一定程度上影响着身体素质的发展;无氧磷酸原系统和糖酵解系统的能力,这两个系统的能力水平是短距离速滑专项耐力的基础,训练水平越高的运动员无氧功率输出越高,抗疲劳的能力越强;运动素质是体能的外在表现,运动素质训练是短距离速滑体能训练中的最重要内容,力量的产生是由肌肉本质特性决定的,力量训练是核心,但力量训练本身不是目的,是为速度训练服务的,运动员的体能水平主要通过运动素质表现出来。运动员的体能训练主要体现为身体形态的专项性改变、生理机能的专项性提高和运动素质的专项性增强。
Different events have different special requirement of athletic physical condition, so the final physical condition has the obvious specialized characteristics. The sprint event of speed skating belongs to the speed strength event in physical capacity dominated class, the difference of physical capacity is the key of restricting Chinese short track speed skatingg further development. An optimal body shape will be condu-cive to the skaters＂ success because taller one can skate with more biomechanicad advantage in the curve, and different body shapes influence the development of physical quality to some extent; The functional level of anaerobic phosphagen system and glycolysis system is the base of sprinters＇specialized endurance, the training level is higher and the anaerobic power output is more, the anti-fatigue ability is better; Motion quality is the outward manifestation of physical capacity, the training of motion quality is foremost in the sprinters＇physical capacity training. Serving the speed training, the strength training is the core rather than the goal because strength is decided by muscle nature, the level of physical capacity mainly comes out through the motion quality. The physical capacity training with scientific methods mainly show the specializa-tion of body shape, the specialized improvement of physiological function and motion quality.
出处
《冰雪运动》
2012年第4期6-10,26,共6页
China Winter Sports
关键词
短距离速滑
体能
训练
研究
words
sprint speed skating
physical capacity
training
research
