摘要
2002—2009年夏,对云南省普洱市澜沧县、景东县及其周边地区野生食用菌的物种多样性、用途或特性以及濒危等级进行了调查研究,共采集、鉴定标本593份,并对采于该区的214份馆藏标本进行了统计,野生食用菌共计35科61属134种(含变种、变型)。同时对该区市场上出售的野生贸易类群也进行了调查统计,有28科39属95种(含变种、变型)。迄今普洱共计有野生食用菌38科67属155种(含变种、变型),其中多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)所含种数最多,有17种,占总种数的10.97%;红菇科(Russulaceae)和牛肝菌科(Bo-letaceae)皆为16种,共占总种数的20.65%,灵芝菌科(Ganodermataceae)有11种,占总种数7.1%。在这些类群当中,木耳属(Auricularia)、牛肝菌属(Boletus)、乳菇属(Lactarius)、枝瑚菌属(Ramaria)、红菇属(Russula)、蚁巢菌属(Termitomyces)和革菌属(Thelephora)等属的42种真菌为普洱市场上最常见的野生贸易类群,约占云南优势野生贸易真菌总种数的52.5%。近年来,随着人们对野生食用菌消费需求的日益增长,导致其商业化采收规模急剧扩大,造成生存环境的破坏甚至丧失,从而使普洱野生食用菌,尤其是野生贸易类群的产量呈逐年下降趋势。因此,亟待采取行之有效的措施保护和管理这些珍贵的自然资源,以期达到持续利用之目的。
The species diversity,use/property,and threat degree of wild edible mushrooms collected form Lancang County,Jingdong County and adjacent regions of Pu’er,Yunnan Province were studied from 2002 to 2009.593 mushroom collections were obtained and examined,and 214 specimens from the Herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany（KUN） were also accounted.Total of 134 taxa belonging to 61 genera of 35 families were identified,and 95 taxa in 39 genera of 28 families were traded at the local markets.To date 155 taxa wild edible mushrooms in 67 genera of 38 families were reported from Pu’er,Yunnan.Among them,17 species were found from Polyporaceae family,making up 10.97% of total mushrooms.Both Russulaceae and Boletaceae ranked the second in species richness and made up 20.65%（32 species） of total species together.11 species were found from Ganodermataceae,sharing 7.1% of total species.More than 42 species were from Auricularia,Boletus,Lactarius,Ramaria,Russula,Termitomyces and Thelephora,making up 52.5% of the most common wild commercial mushroom species at Yunnan local markets.In recent years,increasing demand for wild edible mushrooms has resulted in large-scale commercial harvesting,leading to the decline of mushroom production.Great efforts must be taken to conserve and manage their habitats,so as to attain sustainable use of these valuable fungal resources.
出处
《菌物研究》
CAS
2013年第1期14-23,共10页
Journal of Fungal Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30800005)
中国科学院"西部之光"培养计划"西部博士资助项目"
中国科学院昆明分院科技扶贫项目
关键词
野生贸易真菌
物种多样性
普洱市
食用菌
药用菌
wild commercial mushroom
species diversity
pu’er City
edible fungi
medicinal fungi
