摘要
分析船舶制造业职业病危害特点和风险,并提出针对性的防护措施。以5家造船企业以及公开报道的船舶制造业职业病危害资料为研究对象,利用职业卫生调查检测等方法分析船舶制造业的职业病危害特点和发病风险,并探讨船舶制造业职业病危害防护措施。船舶制造业重点职业病危害因素中粉尘CTWA超标率可达44.3%;锰及其无机化合物CTWA超标率达65.0%,噪声超标率76.9%;案例分析表明,尘肺368例,电光性眼炎2000例、高温中暑200例、苯系物等中毒19例。船舶制造业目前采取的职业病危害防护措施仍需进一步完善。船舶制造业职业病危害严重,尘肺、中暑、电光性眼炎、苯系物中毒等风险较高,船舶制造业应制定针对性的职业病危害防护规范。
To observe the occupational hazard and disease risk in shipyard, explore the prevention and control measures, and provide a basis for formulating protective specifications of occupational harzards, 5 shipyards in Guang- dong province and openly occupational harzards data of shipyard in CNKI were selected as survey objects. Occupational health survey, occupational hazards test, checklist methods and document retrieval methods were used to an- alyze the occupational hazards and occupational disease risks in shipyard, and explore the technological measures, engineering measures, personal protective equipment measures, occupational health management measures, and medical protection measures of occupational hazards in shipyard. Shipyard included a lot of outsourcing and con- fined space work. The key occupational hazard factors were noise, dust, manganese and inorganic compounds, benzene series, heat, electric welding arc and local vibration. The rate exceed occupational exposure limits about noise dust, manganese and inorganic compounds were 44. 3%, 65.0% and 76.9%. The cases of pneumonoconio- sis, electric ophthalmia, Heat stroke, benzene series poisoning and lead poisoning about shipyard in CNKI were 368, 2000, 200, 19, 70. The prevention and control measures in shipyard should be improved, especially personal protective equipment measures and occupational health management measures. It showed that shipyard have highrisk of pneumonoconiosis, electric ophthalmia, heat stroke, vibration disease, benzene series poisoning, lead poisoning and manganese poisoning, and a protective specifications of occupational harzards is necessary.
出处
《中国安全生产科学技术》
CAS
CSCD
2013年第3期87-93,共7页
Journal of Safety Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(81072277)
广东省科技计划省国际合作项目(2011B050700001)
广东省医学科研基金(A2012069
A2012071
A2011048
A2010050
B2009013)
广东省职业病防治院课题(Z201005)
关键词
船舶制造业
职业病
防护措施
风险
shipyard
occupational hazard
prevention and control measures
risk
