摘要
生物多样性和鱼类群落结构的变化是反映人类作用及环境变化对鱼类群落影响的重要指标。2010年我们的调查结果显示,覆盖整个东江源头区的12个采样点收集和鉴定的鱼类标本共计7目18科56属74种。除陈氏新银鱼(Neosalanx tangkahkeii)、齐氏罗非鱼(Tilapia zillii)和食蚊鱼(Gambusiaaffinis)3种为外来物种外,其余71种均为土著鱼类。主要以鲤形目(77.5%)、鲇形目(9.9%)和鲈形目(8.4%)为主。优势种为宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus),占14.87%,其次为马口鱼(Opsariichthys bidens)(9.93%)和侧条光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus parallens)(9.36%)。本研究还以G-F指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou’s均匀性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Simpson指数评估了东江源头区域的鱼类多样性;东江源头区域鱼类群落以杂食性、定居性、中下层和底栖种类为主,源头这种鱼类群落组成结构与东江下游鱼类具有相同趋势,但相似性指数仅为0.39。拦河建坝是导致洄游性、半洄游性鱼类减少的主要原因,其次,水体污染、河道取沙、过度捕捞及有害渔具渔法的使用仍是源头区域生物多样性的主要胁迫因素。
The biodiversity and structure of fish communities is an important indicator of anthropogenic and environmental impacts. Here, we reported the results of a survey carried out in 2010, in which we sampled the fish at twelve stations throughout the headstream region of the Dongjiang River. A total of 74 species in 7 orders, 18 families and 56 genera were collected and identified. Of these 74 species, 71 species were native while only Neosalanx tangkahkeii, Tilapia zillii and Gambusia affinis were exotic species. Among all the species, order Cypriniformes was the most dominant component （77.5%）, followed by order Siluriformes （9.9%）, order Perciformes （8.4%）. As the results of relative abundance, the dominant species were Zacco platypus, accounted for 14. 87%, followed by Opsariichthys bidens （9. 93% ）and Acrossocheilus paraUens （9. 36% ）. Temporal and spatial variations were also conducted fish community similarity analyses. The evaluation of fish diversity in the study area was made based on the combined information of G-F index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou＇ s evenness index, Margalef species richness index and Simpson index. Fish community structure in headstream region was dominated by omnivore, sedentary, mid ＆ superstratum and benthic species, which is similar with that of the lower reach. However, the similarity index of fishes between headstream and lower reach was only 0. 39. The major adverse impacts on the fish biodiversity in the headstream included dam construction, water pollution, sand excavation, excessive catching and harmful fishing gear.
出处
《动物学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第2期161-173,共13页
Chinese Journal of Zoology
基金
国家科技重大专项项目(No.2009ZX07211-009-03)
关键词
鱼类多样性
群落结构
东江
源头区域
Fish diversity
Community structure
Dongjiang River
The headstream region
