摘要
为进一步研究黄淮海地区免耕夏玉米栽培节水问题,于2011年进行大田试验,研究了农艺措施（播后镇压、秸秆覆盖）和保水剂对土壤蒸发和夏玉米水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,夏玉米整个生育期平均,处理A（播后镇压）、B（播后镇压＋秸秆覆盖）、C（播后镇压＋保水剂）和处理D（播后镇压结合秸秆平茬覆盖和保水剂）比处理E（播种后覆土）在0~40 cm土层,土壤含水量增加了4.78%、7.96%、5.50%和11.08%,水分蒸发减少了16.33%、103.78%、28.37%和128.77%,产量提高了9.68%、17.60%、11.78%和24.01%,水分利用效率也增加了9.64%、17.55%、11.71%、23.96%,效益增加了1 536.34、2 516.42、801.74、2 553.10元/hm2。这种作用在夏玉米的生长前期更明显,拔节前的土壤水分比较,处理A、B、C、D比E增加了8.74%、15.81%、10.48%和20.28%,水分蒸发减少了17.81%、164.68%、40.35%和209.43%。处理D集成了镇压、秸秆覆盖、保水剂的作用,能够充分提高土壤水分含量和抑制水分蒸发。建议在黄淮海区夏玉米实行播后镇压结合秸秆覆盖等农艺措施,有条件的地方可以再结合增加保水剂的应用。
In order to improve the water-saving cultivation of no-tillage summer maize （ Zea mays L. ） in Huang - Huai- Hai area, the effects of agronomic measures （including compacting after sowing and straw mulching） and water- retaining agent on soil evaporation and water use efficiency （WUE） of maize were explored with field tests in 2011. The results showed that the average soil water content in 0 ~ 40 cm during the whole growth period of maize under the treat- ments of A （compacting after sowing）, B （compacting after sowing ＋ straw mulching）, C （compacting after sowing ＋ water- retaining agent） and D （compacting after sowing ＋ straw mulching ＋ water-retaining agent） was increased by 4.78%, 7.96%, 5.50% and 11.08% respectively, compared to that under E （covering soil after sowing） ; the soil e- vaporation was inhibited by 16.33%, 103.78%, 28.37% and 128.77% respectively; the yield was improved by 9.68%, 17.60%, 11.78% and 24.01% respectively; and the water use efficiency was raised by 9.64%, 17.55%, 11.71% and 23.96% respectively. The benefit increased by 1 536.34,2 516.42,801.74,2 553.10 vuan/hm2. The effects of different treatments were most significant in the early growth stage of maize. Before jointing stage, the average soil water content under A, B, C and D was increased by 8.74%, 15.81%, 10.48% and 20.28% respectively, and the soil evaporation was inhibited by 17.81%, 164.68 %, 40.35 % and 209.43 % respectively, compared to that under E. The treatment of D, which integrated the effects of compacting after sowing, straw mulching and water-retaining a- gent, could fully enhance the soil water content and inhibit soil evaporation. It is recommended that compacting after sowing and straw mulching be practiced in summer maize cultivation in Huang- Huai - Hai area, and water-retaining a- gent be added in the conditional place.
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第1期101-106,共6页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
河南省玉米产业技术体系建设专项(S2010-02-G04)
关键词
夏玉米
农艺措施
保水剂
土壤蒸发
水分利用效率
summer maize
agronomic measures
water-retaining agent
soil evaporation
water use efficiency（WVE）
