摘要
差序式领导是否是一种有效的领导方式?本文尝试从文化适应性上对这一问题进行回应。首先分析了差序式领导有效性的文化预设,并详细讨论了差序式领导与中国人正义观以及中国人的"忍与时"的观念之间的关系,以从文化上厘清差序式领导有效运行的内在逻辑。在此基础上,本文分别对差序式领导与家长式领导、"领导—成员"交换理论进行比较与整合分析,以更深刻理解差序式领导的理论内涵。本研究发现,差序式领导的风格符合中国文化的认知,与其他领导理论相比,差序式领导理论更具备本土契合性。本文对于建构中国本土领导理论提供了重要的借鉴和有益的启示。
The notion ＂Chaxugeju＂ as an important concept in the field of sociology, although put forward by Fei Xiao-Tong for more than half a century, has shown more and more powerful explanation to the Chinese and the Chinese society. As a kind of thinking and cognitive mode,＂ Chaxugeju＂ has a strong impact on the Chinese enter- prise＇ s operation and leadership model inevitably, which is almost a blind spot for the academia of China Mainland yet. Therefore, the theory of Chaxu leadership, advanced by Cheng Bor-Shiuan from the China Taiwan region is the echo of this need. The theory holds that the Chinese leaders always treat subordinates differently depending on whether the subordinates is a Zijren （similar to the inroup） or Wairen （similar to the out-group） .
In the transitional society both tradition and modernity coexisted, does the Chaxu leadership is a kind of effective leadership style ？ At present some scholars have begun to study the Chaxu leadership, which is verified the effectiveness of Chaxu leadership. However, there were few research concerned about why the Chaxu leadership was effective ,which seemingly was contrary to the organizational justice theory from the western culture. We try to re- spond to this issue from the perspective of cultural adaptability. This paper firstly analyzed the cultural presupposi- tion of Chaxu leadership effectiveness, explored the basic mechanism of the effective operation of Chaxu leadership in the organizations from the maintenance of the Confucian principle ＂Qinqin＂ and ＂Zunzun＂. Then the relationship between Chaxu leadership and the Chinese conception of justice was discussed. We argue the Chinese conception of justice is essentially a norm for regulating the human relationships, rather than the rule of reason purely guiding the profit distribution. Furthermore, we discussed the relationship among employee category, differential treatment and organizational justice. We hold that the leaders should give more attention to the procedural justice and interactional justice when classifying the employees, and attach more importance to the distributive justice and interactional jus- tice when treating the employees differently. In the meantime, we still probed the effect of the perception of Chinese ＂endurance＂ and ＂timing＂ on the employees, and pointed out the Wairen of leaders realized psychological self-motivation through the process of ＂Ren＂ and the expectation of ＂Shi＂, and thus ascended individual performance.
On that basis, this paper discussed the relationship between Chaxu leadership and Paternalistic leadership, the theory of Leader-Member Exchange （LMX）respectively, and achieved the dialogue and integration between Eastern and Western leadership theory. Specifically speaking,we think the type of Chaxu leadership covers the connotative meaning of paternalistic leadership with authoritarian leadership, benevolent leadership and moral leadership, and may be more fit the Chinese indigenous essence of leadership. We further argue leaders with the type of Chaxu lead- ership may exert more benevolent leadership and less authoritarian leadership to the Zijiren of employees, and more authoritarian leadership and less benevolent leadership to the Wairen of employees. In addition, the Chaxu leadership and LMX, based on Chinese society and Western society respectively, are two different leadership theory, and have large differences both in the cultural foundation and theoretical connotation. Thus we hold that LMX theory might not be sufficient to precisely describe and fully explain the superior-subordinate relationship in Chinese con- text, and relatively speaking, the Chaxu leadership is more fit the Chinese situation. All in all, we insist that the style of Chaxu leadership in accordance with Chinese cultural cognition, should be still can play its positive role in the current environment. This paper provides an important reference and beneficial enlightenment to the construction of Chinese indigenous leadership theory.
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第4期183-194,共12页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"新组织理论和组织治理研究"(11&ZD153)
关键词
差序式领导
差序格局
文化适应
正义观
上下级关系
Chaxu leadership
Chaxugeju
cultural adaptability
justice
superior-subordinate relationship
