摘要
目的掌握血吸虫病潜在流行区血吸虫病潜在流行因素，为建立血吸虫病监测预警系统以应对突发疫情提供科学依据。方法2011年，在安徽、江苏、重庆、湖北和山东等5省（市）11个县（市、区）选择血吸虫病潜在流行区设立固定监测点和流动监测点。采用血清学、病原学方法调查流动人口及家畜的血吸虫感染情况：在危险地带及可疑环境开展钉螺孳生分布调查，并在通江河道开展钉螺扩散调查。结果湖北、安徽、江苏和重庆开展了流动人群监测，间接血凝试验（indirect hemagglutination assay，IHA）筛查5600人，血检阳性率为1.39％（78／5600）；抗体阳性者全部进行了粪检，2例检测到血吸虫虫卵，粪检阳性率为2．56％（2／78）．均来自于安徽省巢湖地区。固定监测点调查面积480．01ha（1ha=10 000m^2），其中．在江苏省金湖县施尖滩和高邮市新民滩（原血吸虫病流行区）发现有螺环境2处，钉螺面积分别为29940m^2和12000m^2，两地共捕获活螺125只，解剖均为阴性；其它监测点均未发现钉螺。钉螺流动监测调查了45个环境。共234．27ha，查螺8530框，未发现钉螺。钉螺扩散监测共调查水上漂浮物9018．4kg，查获814个其它螺．但未发现钉螺。稻草帘诱螺法诱获其它水生螺8047只，亦未发现钉螺。结论潜在流行区的人群中发现输入性血吸虫病患者。某些水利工程经过的血吸虫病历史流行区目前仍存有一定钉螺，存在钉螺扩散至潜在流行区的危险性；应长期和有效地监测血吸虫病潜在的传播因素。
Objective To explore the potential risk factors of schistosomiasis transmission in potential endemic areas so as to provide scientific basis for setting up the prediction and surveillance systems to respond the emergence of schistosomiasis. Methods In 2011, fixed and floating surveillance sites in potential endemic areas of 11 counties in Anhui, Jiangsu, Chongqing, Hubei and Shandong were selected. Immunological assays and/or stool examinations were carried out to investigate the infection situation of floating population and livestock. The distribution of Oncomelania snails was investigated in risk areas and suspicious areas,and spreading patterns of snails were observed in the rivers that directly connected with the river. Results In Anhui, Jiangsu, Chongqing and Hubei, a total of 5 600 of floating population were screened by indirect hemagglutination assay （IHA）,and the positive rate of antibody was 1.39%（78/5 600）. All antibody positives were examined by stool tests and there were two positives and the positive rate was 2.56% （2178）. The two patients came from the Chaohu Lake area.There were 480.01 ha （1 ha=10 000 m2） investigated for Oncomelania snail detection at the fixed surveillance sites. Only at the Jinhu County Shijian sands and Gaoyou County Xinmin sands, the Oncomelania snails were found, the areas were 29 940 m2 and 12 000 m2 separately. The 125 Oncomelania snails were captured and dissected, but no one was positive. There were 45 circumstances, about 234.27 ha investigated for Oncomelania snail and 8 530 frames surveyed at the floating surveillance sites, with no Oncomelania snails found. A total of 9 018.4 kg flotage were refloated and 814 other snails found but no Oncomelania snails found. The rice straw curtains attracted 8 047 aquatic snails, with no Oncomelania found. Conclusions The imported patients of schistosomiasis had been found among the population in potential endemic areas. At present, Oncomelania snails exist in the historic epidemic areas passed by water conservancy projects, and it is the potential risk of imported Oncomelania snails spreading to the potential endemic areas. Therefore, the surveillance of the potential risk factors of schistosomiasis transmission must be effectively reinforced over a long-term.
出处
《国际医学寄生虫病杂志》
CAS
2013年第2期71-76,共6页
International JOurnal of Medical Parasitic Diseases
关键词
血吸虫病
潜在流行区
流行因素
监测
Schistosomiasis
Potential endemic areas
Prevalent factors
Surveillance
