摘要
2010年7月4～18日,采用瞬时扫描法在宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区观测牦牛的行为,对贺兰山野化牦牛的夏季行为时间分配与活动规律进行了研究。将所有行为划分为运动、摄食、休息、社群和其他行为5种类型。结果表明,运动、摄食和休息是牦牛最主要的行为方式,分别占总行为时间的(41.06±2.36)%、(33.14±2.51)%和(22.84±4.71)%,社群和其他行为所占比例较少,分别为(1.49±0.17)%和(1.47±0.20)%。运动的2个高峰分别出现在8:00～10:00和15:00～16:00;摄食行为的高峰期出现在9:00～10:00和15:00～16:00,12:00～13:00有个小高峰出现:休息的高峰期出现在10:00～12:00和13:00～15:00;贺兰山牦牛呈现出取食-休息-取食的行为规律。利用非参数Mann-Whitney U检验对不同年龄的牦牛行为进行了比较,成体与幼体的社群行为差异显著(P<0.05),运动、摄食、休息和其他行为差异不显著。
By instantaneous scanning sampling methods, we studied diurnal time budgets and activity rhythms of feral yak （Bos grunnlens） during summer in the Helen Mountains in July 2010. All behaviors were categorized into five groups： mov- ing, feeding, resting, social, and other behaviors. Moving, feeding and resting, accounting for （41.06 ± 2. 36 ）%, （ 33.14 ±2. 51 ） % and （22. 84 ±4. 71 ）% , respectively, were the main behaviors of feral yak. The remaining time was devot- ed to social （ 1.49 ± 0. 17 ） % and other behaviors （ 1.47 ± 0. 20 ） %. Two peaks of movement were recorded at 8 ： 00 - 10 ： 00 and 15 ： 00 ~ 16 ： 00. The peaks of feeding occurred at 9 ： 00 - 10 ： 00, 15 ： 00 - 16 ： 00 and a small peak at 12 ： O0 - 13 ： 00. Two peaks of resting occurred 10 ： 00 ~ 12 ; 00 and 13 ： 00 - 15 ： 00. The typical pattern was feeding - bedding - feeding. Mann - Whitney U test was used to analyze activity budget differences between adults and juveniles. The significant difference existed in social behaviors （ P 〈 0. 05 ） between adults and juveniles, and there was no significant differ- ence in moving, feeding, resting and other behaviors between them.
关键词
牦牛
贺兰山
时间分配
活动规律
Feral yak
Helan Mountains
Behavior time budget
Activity rhythm
