摘要
目的了解某铅酸蓄电池生产企业工人血铅水平及其影响因素。方法于2011年6月底对江苏省某蓄电池生产企业进行职业卫生现场调查，测定存在铅作业岗位空气中铅烟（尘）浓度，并收集2009至2011年共1364人次工人健康监护资料，包括血铅水平、工人一般情况、生活和卫生习惯。应用单因素方差分析和有序多分类logistic逐步回归分析血铅水平影响因素。结果该厂12个铅烟检测点的铅烟浓度范围为0．008～0．354mg／m3，7个检测点不合格；27个铅尘检测点铅尘浓度范围为0．023—2．432mg／m3，24个检测点不合格，合格率均较低。调查对象血铅水平为（259．54±106．62）μg／L，其中96人次（7．04％）血铅≥400μg／L，需被列为疑似观察对象，未发现血铅≥600μg／L者。男性血铅水平[（279．76±114．93）μg／L]高于女性[（242．44±95．86）μg/L]（t=6．441，P〈0．01），男性血铅≥400μg／L比例（11．04％，69／625）高于女性（3．65％，27／739）（x2=28．237，P〈0．01）；接触铅烟（尘）作业工人的血铅水平[（265．93±103．70）Ixg／L]高于非接触铅作业工人[（205．30±115．62）μg/L]（t=-6．037，P〈0．01），接触铅尘作业工人血铅水平[（267．38±98．02）μg/L]高于接触铅烟作业工人[（260．81±121．80）μg/L]（t=-2．408，P〈0．05），接触铅烟（尘）作业工人血铅≥400μg/L比例（7．60％，93／1223）高于非接触铅作业工人（2．13％，3／141）（∥=4．538，P〈0．05）。有序多分类logistic逐步回归分析发现，工作场所空气中铅烟浓度≤0．03mg／m3及铅尘浓度≥0．05mg／m3（OR=1．59，95％CI：1．06—2．39），工龄≥3年（OR=1．82，95％CI：1．12～2．98），吸烟（OR=2．06，95％CI：1．27—3．37）是工人血铅水平升高的危险因素。结论该企业铅尘超标较严重，接触铅烟（尘）作业工人职业性铅危害严重，血铅水平较高，工作场所空气中铅烟（尘）浓度高、工龄长、吸烟是血铅水平升高的危险因素。
Objective To understand the blood lead level and its influencing factors of workers in one lead acid storage cell enterprise in Jiangsu Province. Methods An occupational health field investigation was done to this storage cell enterprise at the end of June 2011 to measure the air lead fume （dust） concentration of workplaces. Health-care information of 1364 person-times from 2009 -2011 was collected,including blood lead level, general state of heahh, life and health habit. One way ANOVA and ordinal multi-categorical logistic stepwise regression were used to analysis the influencing factors of blood lead level. Results The lead fume concentration range was 0. 008 - 0. 354 mg/m3 among 12 measuring points, which 7 places were unqualified, while the concentration range of lead dust was 0. 023 -2. 432 mg/m3 ,24 out of 27 measuring places were unqualified, both the qualified rate were low. The blood lead concentration of objects was （ 259.54± 106. 62 ）μg/L, among which 96 people （7.04%） who ≥400 μg/L should be identified as suspected ＂observation object＂ ,blood lead concentration ≥600 μg/L was not found. The blood lead concentration of male （279.76 ± 114. 93 μg/L） was significantly higher than female （242.44 ±95.86 ） μg/L （t = 6. 441 ,P 〈 0. 01 ）. The proportion of ≥400 μg,/L in male （ 11.04%, 69/625 ） was significantly higher than female （ 3.65% , 27/739 ） （ X2 = 28. 237, P 〈 0.01 ）. The blood lead concentration of workers who exposed to lead fume or dust （265.93 ± 103.70） μg/L was significantly higher than those of not exposed to lead （205.30 ± 115.62） μg/L （ t = - 6. 037, P 〈 0. 01 ）, the blood lead concentration of workers who exposed to lead dust was （267. 38±98.02 ） μg/L significantly higher than those of exposed to lead fume （260. 81 ±121.80） μg/L（t = -2. 408 ,P 〈0. 05）. The proportion of≥400 μg/L in workers who exposed to lead fume （dust） （7.60%, 93/1223 ）was significantly higher than those of not exposed to lead （ 2. 13% , 3/141 ） （ X2 = 4. 538, P 〈 0. 05 ） . Ordinal multi-categorical logistic stepwise regression found that the lead fume concentration I〉 0. 03 mg/m3 , lead dust concentration/〉 0. 05 mg/m3 （ OR = 1.59,95% CI： 1.06 - 2. 39 ）, length of service/〉 3 years （ OR = 1.82,95 % CI：1. 12 -2. 98） , smoking （ OR = 2. 06,95% CI： 1. 27 - 3. 37 ） can increase the level of blood lead concentration. Conclusions Lead dust concentration of the enterprise exceeded the standard. Workers exposed to lead fume （dust） have more occupational health hazard of lead, of whom the blood lead concentration was high. Higher lead fume （dust） concentration in workplace, longer length of service, smoking were risk factors of high blood lead concentration.
出处
《中华预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第3期255-259,共5页
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
基金项目：江苏省自然科学基金（BK2010575）
江苏省医学创新团队与领军人才项目（LJ201130）
关键词
铅
铅中毒
流行病学因素
Lead
Lead poisoning
Epidemiologie factors
