摘要
晚明以来,在科举制、经济、国家与社会各方面因素的互动下催生出奢靡的科举消费和冗繁的科举经费。这两者的产生严重地腐蚀了当时科举制的运作,成为清末科举经费直接促成科举制废除的先声。然而,在恢复科举制的迫切需要下,清初的王朝则以规模宏大的"国家化"改革彻底净化了奢靡的科举消费,藉此重新厘定了社会各阶层的权利和义务,为科举制度培养之下的士绅阶层确定了符合其社会地位的臣民身份。这些举措及其影响都为清代科举制的运作提供了持续的物质保障。
Along with significant rise of monetary economy,Late Ming witnessed a shift from modest expenditures on the civil services examination to extravagant spending by both gentry as well as all levels of the Ming government.This increase in spending in the late Ming Dynasty caused a deterioration of the civil service examination system as it blocked upward social mobility which seriously hampered the system.Yet,in order to prevent a collapse,the early Qing government greatly simplified the expenditures on the civil examination system and redefined the rights and obligations of the different social classes under civil service examination.These changes extended the existence of the civil examination system until its ultimate collapse at the end of the Qing period.
出处
《中国经济史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第1期55-65,157,共12页
Researches in Chinese Economic History
