摘要
【目的】研究水稻有序摆栽和点抛超高产形成的生理生态特征及机制,探索水稻超高产轻简化栽培途径。【方法】本试验通过塑盘旱育摆栽、点抛、撒抛3种栽插方式及与机插稻产量形成的生理生态特征比较,从活棵发苗、分蘖发生、光合物质生产、后期根系活性、群体透光率和抗倒伏性等方面,探究了水稻有序摆、抛栽的生理生态特征及超高产机制。【结果】有序摆栽和点抛群体起点质量好,发棵快,各生育时期群体叶面积、光合势、粒叶比、物质生产积累与转运均显著或极显著优于撒抛,且后期通风透光性好,群体衰老慢,保持较强的物质生产能力,抗倒伏性强,产量高。【结论】有序摆、抛栽群体起点质量高,活棵快,各时期生长优势显著,产量潜力大,是实现水稻超高产轻简化栽培的精良基础。
[ Objective ] The eco-physiological characteristics and mechanisms of ordered transplanting and broadcasting rice were studied to explore the means of super high yield for rice. [ Method ] Three planting methods including ordered transplanting （OT）, optimized broadcasting （OB） and cast transplanting （CT） using dry-raising seedlings in plastic plates with mechanical transplanting （MT） were compared to investigate the eco-physiological characteristics and the super high yield formation mechanism in respects of seedling establishment, fillering, matter production and accumulation, root characteristics at late stages, population light transmittance characteristics, and stem lodging resistance. [ Result ] Ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting rice had better population starting point quality and earlier seedling establishment, and their LAI, leaf area duration, grain-leaf ratio, matter production, accumulation and translocafion at each stage were all significantly or highly significantly superior to cast transplanting. Moreover, at late stages, they showed better population light transmittaxace and slower senescence, and maintained higher matter production and lodging resistance as well. [Conclusion] With their higher population start point, earlier seedling establishment, and obvious growth superiority, ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting rice are capable of serving as the basis of rice superhigh cultivation.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第3期463-475,共13页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划重大项目(2011BAD16B03)
超级稻配套栽培技术开发与集成(农业部专项)
江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目(CX(12)1003)
江苏省研究生科研创新计划(CXLX11_1018)
关键词
水稻
摆栽
抛栽
生理生态
超高产
rice
transplanting
broadcasting
eco-physiology
super high yield
