摘要
为了制定行之有效的风险管理策略,预防突发性水污染事故,基于流域突发性水污染事故特点及SPR(压力-状态-响应)模型构建分区指标体系,采用AHP(层次分析法)-模糊综合评价法对风险源进行综合评价,提出流域突发性水污染事故风险分区方法。该方法充分考虑了事故污染物释放对周边敏感受体的影响,弥补了目前风险分区只从职业安全角度关注重大工业事故对人体伤害及防范的不足。在此基础上,以松花江干流为例,应用分区技术将其划分为高风险区、较高风险区、较低风险区和低风险区4类。
The article is inclined to present a new approach devel- oped by the authors to dealing with the unexpected water environmen- tal pollution accidents. As is seen, more and more unexpected water contamination accidents have taken place in recent years in different regions of our country, bringing about strong impact on the environ- ment protection, as well as human casualty and material loss. Thus, proper zone-division of such hazardous accidents is expected to pro- vide an important tool for preventing and reducing such hazards. In order to make a good job in such zone-division, we would like to pro- pose an index system and testing model of such hazards based on the Pressure-State-Response （PSR） assumption so as to build up such a kind of water environmental hazard prediction and analysis model to explore the causes and effects of such accidents. What is more, tak- ing into full account such hazards via the operability principle, we have worked out an index system consisting of nine factors from three aspects, i.e. the water environmental hazard sources, hazard recep- tors, control mechanism and the related impacts. And, next, we have established a weight value system with each index in the index system through the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） via the consult- ing expertise. In accordance with China National Environmental E- mergency Contingency Plan, we have divided the hazard sources into four levels ： （I） extremely significant environmental pollution hazard sources, and, （II）, significant environmental pollution hazard sources, and （III）, general environmental pollution hazard sources, and, （IV）, the slightly or minor environmental pollution hazard sources. At the same time, we have brought about the grading stan- dards of each kind of early regional division index in reference to the current international corresponding standards, codes and expertise, while comparing the hazard levels of historical environmental events, AHP evaluation and synthetically tiazzy assessment, which are useful for evaluating and classification of such hazard sources. Based on the zone-division principle, we have finally defined the hazard zone divi- sions. Thus, it can be concluded that the given technique is expected to be promising and feasible for future evaluation of the environmental pollution hazards and their zone-division by taking the main stream of Songhua River as the case study sample, which has been divided into four zones with hazard degrees of high, medium, low, and minor.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第1期276-280,共5页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07207-008-5-2)
