摘要
人工增雨已有60余年历史,虽已取得很多成绩,仍存在很多亟待解决的科学技术问题,典型问题如作业具有一定的主观性及其与效果检验有脱节。控制论研究如何对系统施加控制作用使其表现出预定行为。作者研究工程控制论在人工增雨作业中的应用与建模问题,将工程控制论引入人工增雨作业,称作"局部控制"方法。以冷云的人工催化过程为例,以单容加延迟的过程来简化单块冷云催化核化过程,建立了有反馈的冷云催化框架模型。根据效果调整催化剂的播撒率以实施控制作用,使作业后的雨云关键参数达到预期值。这种"局部控制"方法,可使现有作业更科学化和客观定量化,只在作业设备中增加一通讯单元和作为传感/变送器以及控制器的一套专业软件即可。"局部控制"方案也可嵌入以自然控制论为框架的大范围全面全程控制问题中,简化作业的方案。
The application of engineering control theory in weather modification process and its modeling are studied. Although weather modification has been developed for more than 60 years and has great achievements, there are still many scientific and technical problems to be solved, typically as the blindness of operation and the evaluation. Control theory studies how to manipulate action on the system to make it hold the given behavior. The authors introduce engineering control theory in weather modification, educe the ＂local control＂ method, and take the cold cloud seeding as an example. The first order plus dead time model is employed to simplify the seeding-nucleation process for one cloud mass and the flame model of cold cloud seeding process with feedback is established. This model adjusts the seeding rate according to the effects, so that key parameters of the rain clouds could achieve the desired values. The ＂local control＂ method also can be embedded in the global system controlling action （the natural cybernetics） to simplify the operation.
出处
《气候与环境研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第6期979-985,共7页
Climatic and Environmental Research
基金
博士后科学基金20100480436
201104139
关键词
人工增雨
催化剂播撒率
效果检验
工程控制论
自然控制论
Artificial rain enhancement, Seeding rate, Verification, Engineering control theory, Natural cybernetics
