摘要
卤族(halogen)元素,包括氟(F)、氯(Cl)、溴(Br)、碘(I)和砹(At),具有高的电子亲和能(EA)与强反应活性及氧化性.它们在材料合成与改性方面的广泛应用极大地激励人们研究超卤素(superhalogen),即EA比卤素原子的EA(3.0～3.6eV)更高的一类基团或分子.与卤素原子相比,超卤素表现出电负性更大、结构更丰富、性质更新颖等更加丰富的特征.本文总结了最近30年来人们在设计与合成新型超卤素和飙卤素(hyperhalogen)方面所取得的实验和理论研究进展,讨论了超卤素和飙卤素的电子结构和物性,展望了超卤素在开发新型磁性材料、环境净化材料、高能密度材料以及非线性光学材料等方面的应用前景.
Halogens, including F, C1, Br, I and At, exhibit high electron affinities, superior chemical reactivity and strong oxidation properties. The extensive applications of halogens on materials synthesis and modification inspire people to explore superhalogens, which include the radicals and molecules with higher electron affinities than those of halogen atoms （EA 3.0-3.6 eV）. Superhalogens display greater electronegativity, richer structural diversity as well as novel properties compared to halogens. This review summarizes the experimental and theoretical progress made in the past thirty years in rational design and synthesis of superhalogens and hyperhalogens with desirable properties. The outlook is proposed for their potential applications in novel magnetic materials, environmental cleaning materials, high energy density materials as well as non-linear optical materials.
出处
《中国科学：化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第2期142-162,共21页
SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica
基金
国家自然科学基金(11174014
21273012)
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划
2012CB921404)的资助
关键词
超卤素
飙卤素
电子亲和能
密度泛函理论
光电子能谱
superhalogen, hyperhalogen, electron affinity, density functional theory, photoelectron spectroscopy
