摘要
为了提高近岸台风浪模拟的精度和效率,选取台湾海峡及其邻近海域为研究区域,以0903号台风"莲花"为例,采用大、小网格嵌套的SWAN波浪模型和抛物型近似缓坡方程联合应用的方法模拟了此台风浪场的分布特征.将验证点的计算值与浮标实测值进行对比,峰值的最大绝对偏差为0.89 m,整个模拟过程的平均绝对偏差为0.45 m,平均相对偏差在20%以内,整体模拟效果良好.为了便于分析模拟结果,选取了2009年6月20日23时、21日08时、21日14时3个典型时刻的模拟结果进行对比分析.其结果表明:(1)随着台风中心的北移,研究区域内风浪逐渐占据绝对主导地位,风与波浪的变化趋势更加吻合.21日08时泉州湾内最大风速约15 m/s,湾口的最大波高为2.8 m;至21日14时台风中心逼近泉州湾口,湾内最大风速增大至20 m/s,湾口最大波高迅速增至4.4 m,模拟结果与实际情况相吻合.(2)在台风中心逼近泉州祥芝中心渔港时港区受台风影响最大,但受该渔港东侧防波堤的阻挡,波浪较难进入避风水域,仅从堤头绕射进入港内,港内波高约为0.2 m,港外最大波高达到2.3 m,受到东向浪侵袭时港内避风条件较好.上述结果表明,SWAN波浪模型和缓坡方程联合应用在台湾海峡及其邻近海域的台风浪数值计算中具有良好的适应性.
To improve the accuracy and efficiency of nearshore typhoon waves simulation, Taiwan Strait and adja- cent waters were selected as the research area, and 0903 typhoon Lotus was taken as an example to simulate ty- phoon waves by SWAN wave model which adopted nested grids and parabolic mild-slope equation. By comparing computed data with measured data from buoys at the verification points, the results showed that the maximum abso- lute deviation of peak wave value was 0.89 m, the mean absolute deviation in the whole simulation process was 0. 45 m, and the average relative deviation was less than 20%, indicating a good simulation effect. To analyze the simulation results, the simulation results at 11：00 pm on June 20, 08：00 am on June 21 and 02 -00 pm on June 21 were selected. The analyzed results indicated ： （ 1 ） As the typhoon center moved northward, stormy waves gradual- ly accquired absolute dominance in the study area, which conduced to a rapidly enhanced correlation between wind and wave. When the maximum wind speed was 15m/s in Quanzhou Bay at 08：00 am on June 21 , the maximum wave height at the bay mouth reached 2.8 m; to 02：00 pm on June 21, the maximum wind speed increased to 20 m/s and the maximum wave height rose quickly to 4.4m at the bay mouth where the storm center approached. The simulation results were consistent with the real situation. （2） Xiangzhi Central Fishing Port in Quanzhou was maxi- mally affected when the typhoon center approached. But the blockade by the eastern breakwater made typhoon waves difficult to enter the sheltered waters and could only diffracted into harbor from the bank head. The wave height was 0.2m in inner harbor and the maximum wave height reached 2.3m outside, suggesting that sheltered conditions were better in inner harbor when eastern waves attacked. The results show that the combined application of SWAN wave model and the mild-slope equation in Taiwan Strait and adjacent waters achieved good efficiency on typhoon waves numerical simulation.
出处
《应用海洋学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2013年第1期108-116,共9页
Journal of Applied Oceanography
基金
福建省科技厅省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项资助项目(2010R1006-1)
关键词
物理海洋学
台风浪
数值模拟
SWAN波浪模型
缓坡方程
台湾海峡
physical oceanography
typhoon waves
numerical simulation
SWAN wave model
mild-slope equa- tion
Taiwan Strait
