摘要
解决我国人多地少的矛盾,今后大田生产必须依靠单位面积耕地上作物产量的提高。根据传统经验,大田直接播种要"顺天时,量地利,则用力少,而成功多"。而现代设施农艺中的育苗移栽则能做到:争天时,兴地利,则投入少,而收获多。但由于利用了能够调节水、肥、气、热、光的小型设施来培育适于移栽的壮秧,可以延长当地的生育期一个多月,从而能够适应我国气候中积温与降水过于集中而年际变动又很大的特点,克服当地田间热量或雨量的不足与起伏不定给单作或复种的茬口成长与产量带来的障碍。运用少量的投入和轻巧的育苗技术就能取代占有作物生长1/4的苗期内大面积耕地上自然资源的大量消耗和辛勤管理(图1)。大田水旱作物中继续推广育苗移栽应是我国农业生产登上新台阶的一个有效措施。
Steady decrement of cultivated land in our country has led us to consider that the only way out for further promotion of crop yield is to improve crop yield per unit land area.Traditional practice has adequately sbown that direct seeding in the field must 'follow the appropriateness of the season consider well the nature and conditions of the soil,then and only then least labour will bring best sucess'.On the other hand,modern practice of seedling nursery and transplantation is able to 'overcome seasonal restrictions,providing favourable conditions for raising healthy seedlings with little investment which eventually would yield a bumper harvest'.Seedlings for transplanting onto large farm lands,can be raised under protected nurseries of small area.By this means,the growth period can be extended a month or more.It is well adapted to the uneven distribution and impulsive fluctuations of heat and water supply in our climate. It can overcoine the restrictions imposed on growth period and crop yield by indequate and inappropriate heat and water supply.It can also save the superfluous e>penditure of natural resources and field manipulations at the seedling stage,which occupies about one fourth of the whole growing season. Presently,extension of seedling transplantation in land crop cultivation will surely be an effectiave means for further promotion of our crop yield a stair upward.
关键词
育苗
移栽
作物
栽培
制度
seedling nursery
seedling transplanting
cropping system
