摘要
通过低油与高油玉米的一系列正反杂交试验,发现父本花粉对授粉当代子粒的含油量、胚含油量、胚重、蛋白质含量、赖氨酸含量等性状都有明显的直接遗传效应——花粉直感。母本遗传组成对这些性状也有深刻影响,而且对如子粒含油量、赖氨酸含量和胚重等性状的影响远远超过父本。子粒油分、胚油分、蛋白质和赖氨酸含量等品质性状在授粉当代子粒上,不表现杂种优势,但胚重和种子重等数量性状则有明显的杂种优势存在。无论花粉直感或母本影响引起玉米子粒成分的改变都对单穗产量和单穗产热量影响不大。种子含油量的提高有利於提高赖氯酸含量、改良蛋白质品质、但会引起千粒重下降。
From a series of reciprocal crosses of high and low oil corn inb- reds and hybrids,it was found that pollen parents had a significant direct gene- tic influence (xenia effect) on the traits of kernel oil,embryo oil,protein and lysine content and embryo weight.Female genetic background also had a pro- nounced influence on these traits,even much stronger on such traits as kernel oil content,lysine content and embryo weight than those of the male,causing matroclinous.No heterotic effects were observed concerning the traits of kernel quality,such as oil,protein and lysine content,but for quantitative traits, such as embryo and seed weight,heterotic effects were exhibited obviously.The changes of seed composition caused by pollen effects and matroclinous had no significant influence on both grain yield and caloric yield per plant.Increase in kernel oil content may result in increase in lysine content,and improve protein quality,but it may reduce the kernel weight.
关键词
玉米
含油量
偏母遗传
杂种优势
corn oil
xenia effects
matroclinous
heterosis reciprocal cross
