20世纪初美国劳工外交理念的一次重大转变被引量：4

From Anti-War to Pro-War Transition of American Labor's Foreign Policy in the Early 20th Century

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摘要美国劳工外交思想在19世纪末和第一次世界大战期间发生一次重大转变———从坚决反对美西战争到积极支持美国参加世界大战。其转变的原因是,主流工会最初反对美西战争,是担心战争会增加工人的纳税负担,他们尤其担心美国在战后会获得殖民地,造成大量移民从新获取的殖民地涌入美国抢夺本土工人的工作机会;以劳联为代表的主流工会后来支持威尔逊政府的战争政策,是因为支持美国参战有望换取政府对工会的承认和支持,也有利于将劳联的经济工联主义推广到欧洲和世界其他地区。显然,无论美国劳工的外交理念在这20年里如何改变,其动机都是为了维护经济工联主义的原则。 This essay explores how and why the foreign policy of American Labor underwent drastic changes - from oppo- sing the Spanish - American War to supporting the U.S. participation in World War I - during the first two decades of the 20th century. The labor unions at first were anti - war because they were won＇ied that wars would increase the tax burden for American workers. They were also afraid that the United States would obtain colonies after the war, resulting in an influx of large numbers of immigrants from the newly acquired territories into America. These newcomers, they feared, would compete with native workers for jobs. Twenty years later, the unions, represented by the American Federation of Labor, strongly supported American participation in World War I, because they wanted to trade their support for the recognition of the labor unions by the government. Meanwhile, supporting the U.S. war policy would also provide a good opportunity for the AFL to export its business unionism to the rest of the world. Obviously, no matter how American Labor＇s foreign policy changed, its determination to safeguard the principle of business unionism remained unaltered.

作者王心扬

机构地区香港科技大学人文学部

出处《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》 CSSCI 北大核心 2013年第1期57-67,共11页 Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

关键词主流劳工劳联龚伯斯美西战争第一次世界大战经济工联主义 Mainstream American Labor American Federation. of Labor Samuel Gompers Spanish -American War World War I Business Unionism

分类号 D871.2 [政治法律—外交学]

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参考文献61

1Ronald Radosh, American Labor and United States Foreign Policy, New York: Random House, 1969, p. 5.
2Ernest H. Crossby, "Work and War", American Federationist, Vol. 2, December 1895, p. 221.
3"The Workingmang Support of International Arbitration", Century Illustrated Magazine, Vol. 52, No. 4, August 1896, p. 634.
4"Should Hawaii be Annexed?", American Federationist, Vol. 4, No. 9, November 1897, p. 217.
5Philip S. Foner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States, Vol. 2, From the Founding of the American Federation of Labor to the Emergence of American Imperialism, New York: International Press, 1975, p. 408.
6The New York Times, April 18, 1898.
7The New York Times, December 26, 1898.
8"Excerpts from Accounts of the 1898 Convention of the AFL in Kansas City, Mo. " December 14, 1898, in Stuart B. Kaufman ed. , The Samuel Gompers Papers, Vol. 5, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986, p. 43, p. 46.
9Samuel Gompers, Seventy Years of Life and Labor, an Autobiography, Ithaca: ILR Press, New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University, 1984, p. 187.
10Coast Seamen's Journal, No. 27, August 19, 1914, cited in Philip S. Foner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States, Vol. 7, Labor and World War I, 1914 - 1918, New York: International Publishers, 1987, p. 42.