摘要
通过对江苏和浙江两省342个种桑养蚕农户的问卷调查,就农户所面对的蚕业风险及其防范行为分析认为,蚕业收益较高,但蚕业风险大于其它种植业;蚕业风险主要来源于茧价格下跌、农药中毒、发蚕病、周边污水废气排放、自然灾害和桑树病虫害;江苏省蚕农的损失主要源于农药中毒、发蚕病、工业废气污染等生产过程中产生的自然风险,而浙江省蚕农的损失主要来自蚕茧价格下跌产生的市场风险;蚕病导致78.65%的农户发生不同程度的损失,养蚕中发生最多的也是农户最担心的蚕病类型是血液型脓病;农户发生桑病虫害和蚕病的主要原因是疏于桑园管理和没有按照技术要求养蚕;为减少损失,农户积极采取应对措施进行风险防范,但是风险损失主要由农户自己承担。为此,极大多数农户希望政府能够补贴种桑和(或)养蚕,同时希望能够稳定茧价,加快桑和蚕品种更新,加强养蚕期间农药使用管理,控制养蚕期间企业的污染排放,将蚕桑纳入农业保险范畴。
By questionnaire survey to 342 sericulturists from Jiangsu and Zhejiang province, we analysis their sericulture risk and preventing behavior, and come to a conclusion that sericulture has higher profits with higher risks. Sericulture risks mainly come from price declining of silkworm cocoon, pesticide poison, flaeherie, sewage and waste gas discharge, nature disasters and pest of mulberry trees. The loss of sericulturists from Jiangsu province mainly come from natural risks such as pesticide poison, flacherie, industrial waste gas etc., and the loss of sericuhurists from Zhejiang province mainly come from market risks of price declining of silkworm cocoon. Silkworm disease causes 78.65% of farmers＂ loss, nuclear polyhedrosis occurs most and sericulturists worried most. Mulberry plant diseases, insect pests and flacherie mainly caused by failure of mulberry field management and silkworm rearing against technical requirements. In order to reduce tile loss, famers take positive measures to keep away risks, but famers bear the loss mainly by themselves. So maximum of famers hope govermnent should give some subsidies, they also hope to keep the price of silkworm cocoon stable, accelerate renovation of variety, enhance pesticide use management, reduce pollution emissions and take silkworm production into agricultural insurance.
出处
《蚕桑通报》
2012年第4期8-14,共7页
Bulletin of Sericulture
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(蚕桑)
关键词
蚕业
风险
损失
防范
Sericuhure
Risk
Loss
Preventing
