摘要
国内外有关农业生态学的文献持续大幅度上升。国际上,人们深刻认识到传统还原论思维主导的农业科研方法及其影响下的农业方式遇到的严峻危机,认识到农业生态学的生命力正是由于运用了新的思维方式和新的农业方法。目前国外对农业生态学内涵的认识既有"硬农业生态学"和"软农业生态学"之分,也有把农业生态学作为一个学科、一类实践或一个社会运动。农业生态学作为一个实践的做法类似我国的生态农业实践,主要内容包括资源节约型技术、投入替代型技术、农业系统结构调整和食物供应体系关系调整4个层次。农业生态学作为一个社会运动,在以拉丁美洲为代表的发展中国家和以美国为代表的发达国家发展迅速,成为交流农业生态经验,改善农民民生,维护农民权益的重要组织形式。这个运动影响到了政府的政策取向。农业生态学作为一个严格意义上的学科范畴,人们认为需要进一步强化层次上推的方法论研究,以及进行更多定量的多学科综合研究。利用国际上农业生态学的发展态势反观我国的农业生态学发展,可以发现很多优势和不足。论文进一步讨论了对我国农业生态学和生态农业发展的启迪。
Local and international literature related to agro-ecology rapidly grew in recent years. This was recognition of the fact that agricultural research and agro-production practices guided by reductionism was in crisis and that agro-ecology vitality depended on cutting-edge thinking and practice of agriculture. The range of agro-ecology considered in its study was divided into ＂hard＂ and ＂soft＂ agro-ecology. Agro-ecology was also advanced as not only a discipline of science and practice of agriculture, but also the movement of farmers. As a practice, agro-ecology was closely related to ＂eco-agriculutre＂ in China, including four levels of change. Replacement of traditional techniques by resource-saving techniques was the first level change. Substitution of traditional inputs with alternative inputs was the second level change. Structural changes of agro-ecosystems constituted the third level change. Changes in food supply chains were considered as the forth level change. Agro-ecology as the movement of farmers prevailed in Latin America and the U.S. agro-ecology movement was becoming an important form of organized exchanges of experiences in agro-ecological practices among farmers for improved livelihoods and protected interests and rights of farmers. These movements were affecting government decisions, food production and supply. As a discipline of science, agro-ecology not only needed further quantitative and interdisciplinary research, but also development of advanced methods of up-scale interpretations of research results. This overview of international development of agro-ecology facilitated reliable analysis of the merits and demerits of agro-ecological development in China. The broader implications for future agro-ecological development in China were also discussed.
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第1期14-22,共9页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
