摘要
于2009年9月和2010年5月,在朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)重要游荡区之一的湑水河下游城固段,对食物丰富度进行了调查。将湑水河城固段约30km长的河道分成上段、中段和下段,并随机选取7个取样点。在每个取样点,采用五点取样法,设置5个1m×1m的样方,并取地表以下10cm的土样,在河岸滩涂调查小型无脊椎动物和两栖动物;采用样线捕尽法来调查鱼类,样线长度为100m。两个季节共采集到鱼类30种,小型无脊椎动物24种和两栖类蝌蚪2种。在各河道段,不同季节的鱼类物种组成和质量密度有显著差异,小型无脊椎动物物种组成和数量密度也有显著差异。总体上,湑水河下游城固段的食物非常丰富,是朱鹮在游荡期的理想觅食地,但是,河流污染和人类活动干扰会对朱鹮的觅食造成不利影响。
Crested ibis （Nipponia nippon） is a globally endangered bird species and it was rediscovered in Yangxian,Shaanxi in 1981.Both natural and artificially breeding bird population increased dramatically after 30 years＇conservation.The species also dispersed from Yangxian to neighboring counties and it already reproduced successfully in reintroduction area of Ningshan.Xushuihe River,originated from Taibai,flowing through Yangxian and Chenggu,is the largest tributary of Hanjiang River and it also became an important food site for more than 100 crested ibises of wandering period in late summer and autumn in recent years.However,it is still unclear about the food composition and abundance of crested ibis in Xushuihe River.In this work,the survey about food abundance of crested ibis was carried out in Chenggu Reach of Xushuihe River （about 30km） in September 2009 and May 2010 by using plot sampling and line transect methodology.Seven sampling plots were chosen and in each sampling plot 5 quadrats of 1 m×1m were employed in tidal flat zone to investigate small invertebrate species and amphibian species and their biomass in the upper,middle and lower parts of the Chenggu Reach.The 100m line transect in each plot was deployed to find fish species and biomass in the upper,middle and lower parts of the Reach.Totally 30 fish species,24 invertebrate species and 2 amphibian tadpole species were found in the study area.Twenty fish species were found in late summer,of which 12 species were found in the upper part,5 species in the middle part and 12 species in the lower part.The loach Oriental weatherfish,one of the main foods for crested ibis,was the fish species with the highest density in the upper and middle part of the Reach in summer,while Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis was the fish species with the highest density in the lower part.The 21 species were found in autumn,of which 14 species were found in the upper part,17 species in the middle part and 17 species in the lower part.Crucian carp Carassius auratus with the highest density occurred in each part in autumn.Moreover,there were 4 annelid species,7 mollusk species and 13 insect species of invertebrate species and 2 amphibian tadpole species in summer,of which Oligochaetes with the highest density occurred in each part.Twenty invertebrate species were found in autumn,of which bivalves had the highest density quantitatively in upper part in autumn,and gastropods had the highest density in both the middle and lower parts.However,mollusks species has the highest mass density in each part in both season.Species diversity was significantly different between 2 seasons and was also significantly different between each part in the same season.Even for the same species,the density was also significantly different in various parts and seasons.In general,food abundance and total biomass of this wetland in both summer and autumn were much larger than those of paddy fields and wintering sites of reintroduction area.The results indicated that Xushuihe River was a new suitable habitat for crested ibis.However,serious pollution and disturbance of human activities might have negative effect on the birds in this area.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第4期481-486,共6页
Wetland Science
基金
陕西省科学院重大项目(2009K-05)
陕西师范大学中央高校专项资金项目(GK2061001)
陕西省"13115"科技创新工程重大科技专项项目(2008ZDKG-77)资助
关键词
朱鹮
食物丰富度
湑水河
crested ibis （Nipponia nippon）
food abundance
Xushuihe River
