1Swan HJ,GanzW,Forrester J.Catheterization of the heart in manwith use of a flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter[J]. N Engl JMed,1970,283(9):447-451.
2Tibby SM,Hatherill M,Marsh MJ,et al.Clinical validation ofcardiac output measurements using femoral artery thermodilutionwith direct Fick in ventilated children and infants[J]. IntensiveCare Med,1997,23(9):987-991.
3Combes A,Berneau JB,Luyt CE,et al.Estimation of left ventricularsystolic function by single transpulmonary thermodilution[J]. Intensive Care Med,2004,30(7):1377-1383.
5Schuster DP.The evaluation of pulmonary edema by measuringlung water[M] //.Tobin MJ.eds.Principles and practice of intensivecare monitoring.NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1998:693-705.
6Sakka SG,Meier-Hellman A.Assessment of intrathoracic bloodvolume and extravascular lung water by single transpulmonarythermodilution[J]. Crit Care Med,1999,27(1 Suppl 248):A110.
7Neumann P.Extravascular lung water and intrathoracic bloodvolume:double versus single indicator dilution technique[J]. Intensive Care Med,1999,25(2):216-219.
8Lichtwarck-Aschoff M,Zeravik J,Pfeiffer U.Intrathoracic blooddvolume accurately circulatory volume status in critically ill patients withmechanical ventilation[J]. Intensive Care Med,1992,18(3):142-147.
9Pinsky MR.Hemodynemic profile interpretation[M] //Tobin MJ.eds.Principles and practice of intensive care monitoring.New York:McGraw-Hill,1998:871-888.
10Oshima K,Kunimoto F,Hinohara H.The evalu at ion of hemod-ynam ics in post thoracic es ophagectomy patients[J]. Hepatogastroenterology,2008,55(85):1338-1341.
二级参考文献61
1LehannU,Grotz M,Regel G,et al. Does initial management of polytrauma patients have an effect on the development of multiple of mutiple organ failure [J]. Unfallchirurg, 1995,98:442 -446.
2Kumar A, Anel R, Bunnell E,et al. Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure and central venous pressure fail to predict ventricular filling volume ,cardiac performance, orthc response to volume infusion in normal subjects [J]. Crit Care Med,2004,32(3) :691 -699.
3Connors AF Jr, Sperof T, Dawson NV, et al. The efectivencss of right heart calheterization in the initial care of critically ill palients[ J]. JAMA,1996,276(11) :889 -897.
4Wesseling KH ,deWittB,WeberAP,et al. A simple device for the continuous measurement of cardiac output [ J ]. Adv Cardiovasc Phys, 1983, (5) :1 -52.
5Boussat S,Jacques T,Levy B,et al.Intravascular volume monitoring and extravascular lung water in septic patients with pulmonary edema.Intensive Care Med,2002,28:712-718.
6Levy MM,Fink MP,Marshall JC,et al.2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference.Crit Care Med,2003,31:1250-1256.
7Katzenelson R,Perel A,Berkenstadt H,et al.Accuracy of transpulmonary thermodilution versus gravimetric measurement of extravascular lung water.Crit Care Med,2004,32:1550-1554.
8Sakka SG,Klein M,Reinhart K,et al.Prognostic value of extravascular lung water in critically ill patients.Chest,2002,122:2080-2086.
9Martin GS,Eaton S,Mealer M,et al.Extravascular lung water in patients with severe sepsis:a prospective cohort study.Crit Care,2005,9:R74-R82.
10Alsous F,Khamiees M,DeGirolamo A,et al.Negative fluid balance predicts survival in patients with septic shock:a retrospective pilot study.Chest,2000,117:1749-1754.
7Martinez-Sim6n A, Monedero P, Cacho-Asenjo E. Erroneous measurement of haemodynamic parameters by PiCCO monitor in a critically ill patient with renal replacement therapy: a case re- port [J]. Crit Care, 2006, 10 (2): 410.
8Martin Vivas A, Saboya Sfinchez S, Patiflo Rodriguez M, et al. Hemodynamie monitoring: PiCCO system [J]. Enferm Intensi- va, 2008, 19 (3): 132-140.
9Della Rocca G, Costa MG, Coccia C, et al. Preload and haemo- dynamic assessment during liver transplantation: a comparison between the pulmonary artery catheter and transpulmonary indi cator dilution techniques[J].Eur J Anaesthesiol, 2002, 19 (12): 868- 875.
10Snygg J, Bech-Hanssen O, L6nn L, et al. Fluid therapy in a- cute myocardial infarction.- evaluation of predictors of volume re- sponsiveness [J]. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 2009, 53 (1) : 26 -33.