摘要
应用北京地区15个气象站1961—2010年逐日观测的温度、相对湿度及风速资料,在对数据进行均一化订正的基础上,分析了近50年来北京地区与城市生态环境有关的几个气候指数如植物生长季指数、人体舒适度指数、度日指数的变化特征及其对区域气候变化及城市化进程的响应。结果表明:近50年北京地区生物生长季指数、人体舒适日数呈上升趋势,表明北京地区的气候在朝着更加适于人们居住的方向发展,但自1990年代以来,人体感觉冷、热不舒适日数的年际振幅均在增加;北京地区冷度日指数(CDD)呈增加趋势,热度日指数(HDD)则呈下降趋势。热度日指数的下降幅度明显高于冷度日指数的上升幅度,意味着未来北京地区用于夏季制冷的能耗仍将进一步增加,但用于冬季取暖的能耗有望较大幅度减少,这将有利于减少冬季燃煤取暖排放的污染,改善空气质量;受城市发展导致下垫面变化的影响,北京地区各生态环境气候指数倾向率空间差异明显,城区及东南部平原地带气候指数倾向率明显高于郊区及山区站点;北京城市化效应对区域生态环境气候指数的贡献率在47.2%～76.3%之间,表明北京地区城市气候效应对区域生态环境具有不可忽视的影响。
Based on the homogenized daily temperature, relative humidity and wind speed from 15 weather stations during 1961-- 2010 in Beijing, some climatic indices concerned with urban environment, such as plants growing season index, human comfort index and degree-day index in Beijing are analyzed. In addition, the effect of area climate change and urbanization process on urban environment is also analyzed. Based on the analysis, some results can be drawn. Firstly, growing season length and human comfortable days are increasing, which indicates that the main environmental climatic conditions in Beijing area are becoming more and more fitting for human habitation in recently 50 years. Secondly, the inter-annual amplitude of the human uncomfortable days had been increasing since the 1990s. The cooling degree days （CDD） index is creasing while the heating degree days （HDD） index is declining, and the declining extent of HDD is larger than the creasing extent of CDD. It indicates that the energy consumption of Beijing area in the future summer will be further increasing, but the energy consumption for warming in winter will be expected to decline substantially. It will be helpful to reduce pollution from warming by burning coal in winter, improve the air quality. Thirdly, there exists obvious space difference about the change of environmental climatic index in each region of Beijing because of the urbanization process. And the change of environmental climatic index in urban and the southeastern plain area is obviously higher than that of suburbs and mountain area. Fourthly, the contribution rate of urbanization to the regional environmental climatic index is between 47.2% and 76.3%, which means that the effect of urbanization on regional ecological environment can not be ignored in Beijing.
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第11期1841-1846,共6页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05090202)
科研院所专项(IUMKY201206)
关键词
气候变化
城市化
人体舒适度
生长季
度日指数
climatic change
urbanization
human comfort index
growing season length
degree-day index
