摘要
野马属世界上最珍贵动物之一。本文对新疆野马繁殖中心因心脏病死亡的908号母马头骨进行了观察测量,并与家马头骨进行了比较,发现野马头长与体长之比大于家马头长与体长之比,野马脑区体积在马属动物中仅属中等程度,但脸区却明显大于家马。野马下颌骨较家马的粗大,翼肌窝较家马的深,上、下臼齿列也明显比家马长。以上特点和野马的野生习性相适应。另外908号野马在神经出入颅腔的孔道上与家马差异大,908号野马岩颞骨乳突部下方与鼓室间无茎乳突孔,面神经是和鼓索神经一起自岩鼓裂出颅腔。
Wild horse is one of the most valuable wild animal in the world. The skull of a female adult wild horse was studied. Foteen paramaters was meassured, six indexes was caculated with these 14 parameters and made a comparistion between the wild horse and the domestic horses. The results indicate that (1) the length ratio of the head/ body of wild horse is higher than that of the domestic horses. (2) The cranial region of wild horse is medium among the equus and the longer skull of the wild horse is due to the longer facial region of it. (3) There is not stylo-mastoid foramen between, mastoid process and hyoid process on the petrous temporal bone. So the facial nerve is emerged from petroty mpanic fissute with chorda tympani.
关键词
马
普氏野马
头骨
wild horse
stylo-mastoid foramen
facial nerve
petrotympanic fissure
