摘要
综述自60年代“绿色革命”以来,欧美农业生产采取了一系列新技术措施,首先是大量消耗不可再生的能源,其次是大量使用化肥和农药,在农业产量上固然有大幅度的提高,但在此同时,也带来了一系列其它问题,从长远的、持久的利益出发,国内外农业界知名人士考虑能不能从加深对农业生态系统本身内在复杂关系的认识,并加强对农业生产的管理,寻求一种既经济而又符合环境要求的稳定、经久不衰的农业生态体系,以取代现代农业中那种高投入、高成本的农业生产体系。
Dramatic increases in crop productivity in modern agriculture which depends on intensive management and the uninterrupted availability of supplemental energy and resources, have been accompanied in many instances by environment degradation such as soil crosion, pesticide pollution, salinization, etc. The purpose of this review is trying to examine the ecological principles and alternative practice that might be employed to make agriculture environmentally and economically sound and sustainable in the long term. The interest in energy efficiency was later broadended to include aspects of natural resource conservation and environmental quality through the promotion of low-input agricultural practices, embraced under what we call sustainable agriculture today. Of primaryimportance to these projects is the desire to develop agricultural system that sustain production in the long run without degrading the resource base. Thus the range of options that potentially meet these goals includes a variety of low-input technologies that improve soil fertility and conservation, maximize recycling, enhance biological pest control, diversify production and so on as shown in fig. 3. The requirements to develop a sustainable agriculture are not just biological and technical, but also social, economic and political, and illustrate the requirements needed to create a sustainable society. It is inconceivable to promote ecological change in the agricultural sector without advocating comparable changes in all other interrelated areas of society. The final requirement of an ecological agriculture is an evolved, conscious human being whose attitude toward nature is that of coexistence but not exploitation.
关键词
生态农业
持续农业
化学肥料
农药
Sustainable agriculture
fertilizer
pesticide
ecological agriculture
