摘要
为湖北省油菜生产建立高效施肥技术体系,通过农户走访调查,研究湖北省五类油菜轮作模式下的农户肥料施用情况及存在的主要问题。结果表明,湖北省油菜施用有机肥和硼肥的农户比例分别占20.2%和69.4%;油菜氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)肥用量平均分别为203.7、71.3、50.2kg/hm2,施用比例平均为1:0.35:0.25;油菜当季氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)肥用量平均占轮作周年总用量的49.3%、51.6%、50.8%。农户氮肥用量偏高、钾肥明显不足,养分施用不平衡;区域间和农户间施肥量差异大,过量与不足现象并存;不同轮作模式下肥料统筹不合理;有机肥料施用不足,硼肥有待普及。根据作物营养生理需求及轮作制度分类指导,树立可持续农业施肥新观念,实现养分资源效益最大化,促进油菜等种植业的发展。
The aim was to establish high efficient fertilization technique system for rapeseed production m Hubei Province. This survey was conducted by spot field investigation to study the present situation of nutrient management and the problems existing in the fertilization technique on rapeseed by five rotation systems in Hubei Province. The results showed that, only 20.2% and 69.4% of the surveyed farmlands applied organic fertilizer and boron in rapeseed plating. The average application amount of nitrogen （N）, phosphate （P） and potassium （K） fertilizer were 203.7, 71.3, 50.2 kg/hm2 respectively, which ratio was 1：0.35：0.25, and rapeseed average consume about 49.3%, 51.6% and 50.8% of the total N, P and K fertilizer used for a rotation period. The problems in rapeseed rotation systems nutrient management were displayed as follow： farmers applied excessive N fertilizer, and ignored the application of P and K fertilizer, especially for K. The ratio of N, P and K was imbalanced and the application amount of fertilizer different in regions and farmers. Excess and insufficient fertilization coexisted. The concept of the nutrient co-ordination by various rotation systems needed to be promoted. In addition, the application amount of the organic manure was low and the use of boron fertilizer need to popular. It suggested that, the nutrient management should take the characteristics of crop nutrient physiology need and cropping systems into consideration. At the same time, it was important toestablish a new concept of sustainable agriculture fertilizer, so as to achieve maximum nutrient resources and promote the development of rapeseed and other planting.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
2012年第36期205-211,共7页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项"南方油菜促生增效养分调控技术研究"(1610172009003)
国家科技支撑计划课题"油菜高效简化施肥技术研究"(2010BAD01B05)
"复合(混)肥农艺配方与生态工艺技术研究"(2011BAD11B05)
关键词
湖北省
油菜
轮作
农户施肥现状
Hubei Province
rapeseed
rotation
fertilization surveys
