摘要
受人类活动的影响,全球气候变暖加剧,不断升高的地球表面气温正对水稻生产产生深远的影响。从气候变暖对中国水稻种植区域和产量的影响,高温热害对水稻生长发育的影响,以及水稻耐高温遗传改良等3个方面进行了综述分析。分析表明:气候变暖使水稻生长的活动积温增加,水稻生长季节延长,水稻种植区域不断向北扩展,有利于水稻种植面积的增加;气候变暖也使水稻高温胁迫频发,水稻孕穗期和开花期遭遇高温热害会给水稻造成严重的生理伤害,导致颖花育性下降;籽粒充实期高温胁迫会造成籽粒充实不正常,导致减产和稻米品质下降;通过高温筛选已经鉴定出一批耐高温的水稻种质资源,对这些资源的遗传分析鉴定出了几十个控制水稻耐高温性状的QTLs;种植耐高温水稻新品种是减少水稻高温危害的有效途径,利用耐高温水稻种质作亲本,结合适当的高温筛选鉴定技术,通过杂交育种可以选育出耐高温的水稻新品种。
Influenced by human activities, the global climate is becoming warmer and warmer. The continuous increase of the earth surface temperature has a far-reaching impact on rice production. This paper summarized the effects of climate warming on rice growing areas and yield, the effects of high temperature damage on rice growth and development, the progress on rice heat-tolerance genetic improvement. The results were as follows： the climate warming increased the active accumulated temperature, extended the rice growth season, and made the north boundary of rice growing region move northward, which was favorable for increasing the rice planting area. The climate warming also resulted in the frequent occurrence of high temperature stress, the high temperature stress could induce serious spikelet sterility at booting and flowering stage and poor grain plumpness at filling stage, which resulted in rice yield and quality decline. A number of heat-tolerant rice germplasms had been identified, and some QTLs related to heat-tolerance were also identified from these genetic resources. Planting heat-tolerant rice was one of the most effective ways of alleviating heat damage on rice, the way of proper screening methods and crossbreeding with heat-tolerant rice as parents was appropriate for developing new heat-tolerant rice varieties.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
2012年第36期1-7,共7页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
转基因生物新品种培育重大专项"复合性状转基因抗虫水稻新品种的培育"(2011ZX08001-001)
关键词
气候变暖
高温胁迫
水稻
遗传改良
climate warming
high temperature damage
rice
genetic improvement
