摘要
目的调查某综合医院医院感染现患状况,掌握医院感染动态变化和医院感染管理的影响因素,探讨医院感染的流行病学特征,为制定预防和控制医院感染措施提供理论依据。方法于2010年5月19日0∶00-24∶00对所有的住院患者进行调查,采用床旁调查和在架病历相结合的方法对某综合医院进行现况调查分析。结果共调查2046例,发生医院感染53例、58例次,医院感染现患率为2.59%,例次感染率为2.83%;综合ICU医院感染率最高为44.44%,内科系统中呼吸科最高,外科系统中神经外科最高;医院感染部位依次为下呼吸道、上呼吸道、泌尿道、皮肤软组织、手术部位、胃肠道,分别占58.62%、12.07%、8.62%、8.62%、5.17%、1.73%;抗菌药物的使用率为53.03%,治疗占31.34%、预防占54.47%、治疗加预防占14.19%;一联用药占76.04%,二联用药占23.13%;治疗用药细菌培养送检率为20.65%。结论应加强重点科室的监测,降低抗菌药物使用率,提高病原学送检率,减少侵入性操作,降低医院感染的发生。
OBJECTIVE To understand the infection and prevalence situation in a general hospital and know well about the dynamic change of nosocomial infection and the impact factors for nosocomial infections regulation and evaluate the effects of nosocomial infection control, to discuss the epidemiology characters of nosocomial infections so as to provide theoretical basis for the development of prevention and control measures for nosocomial infections. METHODS All the patients who enrolled the hospital from 0 ： 00 to 24 ： 00 on May 15th 2010 were investigated. The current status of nosocornial infections in the general hospital was investigated by the bedside investigation combined with the shelf cases method. RESULTS Of 2046 patients investigated, there were 53 patients（58 case-times） who were with nosocomial infections, the incidence rate of nosocomial infections was 2.59 % with the case-time infection rate of 2. 83%, the incidence of nosocomial infections was highest in the comprehensive ICU （44.44%）; the nosocomial infection sites were in turn as follows., lower respiratory tract（58. 62%）, upper respiratory tract（12.07%）, urinary tract（8.62%）, skin and soft tissue（8.62%）, the surgical site（5.17%） ,and gastrointestinal tract（1.73 %）. The utilization rate of antibiotics was 53.03 %, out of which 31.34 % were used for therapeutic purposes while 54.47 % for prophylaxis, and 14. 19% for both therapy and prophylaxis. Among those who had received antibiotics, 76. 04% received one, 23. 13% received two. The submission rate of the bacterial culture for therapeutic antibiotics was 20.65 %. CONCLUSION It is necessary to intensify the monitoring of the key departments, reduce the utilization rate of antibiotics,and improve the submission rate of etiology so as to reduce the invasive operation and the incidence of nosocomial infections.
出处
《中华医院感染学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第1期15-17,共3页
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology
关键词
医院感染
现况调查
患病率
抗菌药物
Nosocomial infection
Cross-sectional study
Prevalence
Antimicrobial agents
