摘要
切沟侵蚀作为一种常见的土壤侵蚀现象,不仅破坏土地资源,也是河流泥沙的主要来源之一;但是,由于切沟侵蚀机制复杂,研究手段欠缺,切沟侵蚀研究进展缓慢。切沟侵蚀监测技术是研究切沟不同发育阶段侵蚀速率和构建切沟预报模型的基础。近年来,高精度GPS、三维激光地形测量以及RS和GIS等切沟侵蚀监测技术取得了新进展,尤其是高分辨率遥感的应用为较大时空尺度的切沟侵蚀监测提供了可能性。世界范围的切沟侵蚀监测成果表明不同地区切沟侵蚀速率主要为0.16～15 m/a。切沟侵蚀预报技术进展缓慢,现阶段还没有广泛应用的切沟侵蚀预报模型。利用高分辨率航空和卫星影像及三维激光测量等新技术,开展较大尺度的切沟侵蚀监测是近期的研究热点和主要发展趋势,而从长远来看,发展切沟发育和侵蚀的经验和机制模型、进行不同时间尺度的切沟侵蚀预报是切沟研究领域的发展方向。
As a major process of soil erosion,gully erosion destroys land resources and is the main contribution to watershed sediment on the gully Loess Plateau.The complex mechanism of gully erosion and lack of techniques resulted in the slow progress of research on gully erosion.Measuring and monitoring techniques are the base for assessment and prediction of gully erosion rate.In the past years,some new techniques have been used in the research of gully erosion,including Global Positioning System（GPS）,three-dimensional Laser measurement and high resolution remote sensing.In particular,high resolution remote sensing presents a possibility for monitoring gully erosion in a larger scale than before.Worldwide researches showed that gully erosion rate ranged from 0.16 m/a to 15 m/a.The technique of gully erosion prediction develops slowly,and there is still no widely applicable gully erosion prediction model at present.Assessment of gully erosion rates with high-resolution sensing,LADAR or 3D laser measuring is a hot topic in the research of gully erosion recently and also a constant trend in the near future;however,development of gully erosion model and predicting gully erosion at different scales will be the long term research direction.
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
2012年第6期110-115,共6页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金"黄土丘陵区退耕还林对切沟发育和侵蚀过程的影响机制"(41271301)
