摘要
选取土地、资本、劳动、技术和通信等投入量作为输入指标,城市经济总量和地方财政收入输出指标,构建指标体系,运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法,并通过探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)技术对2000—2010年中国286个地级及以上城市发展效率及其空间差异变化特征进行了分析,结果表明:2010年中国地级及以上城市综合效率水平较低,只有少数城市达到了效率最优。城市效率呈现出与三大地带经济发展格局、城市行政等级和规模等级相一致的空间格局,综合性城市和专业型城市间的效率差异显著。城市发展效率存在较强的空间关联。10年间,中国城市效率呈现先降后升的演变态势,总体有所降低,大多数城市都处在规模收益递增阶段,规模投入不足是中国城市要素效率不高的主要原因。区位、资源禀赋、产业结构和政策因素是中国城市效率格局分布与演化的主要影响因素。
This paper firstly establishes the eva!uation index system of the urban development efficiency, which includes five input elements of land, capital, labor, science-education and signal communication and two output elements of the urban economic gross and profit. Based on the data from 286 cities through 2001 to 2010, the urban efficiencies of prefecture level or above in China and their changing trends during the period 2001-2010 are investigated using DEA （Data Envelopment Analysis）model. It makes the cluster of these cities from the traditional perspective of the eastern, central and western regions in China and evaluates the urban development scale profit to discuss whether the ratio of input-output achieves the Pareto Optimality. Then it analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and discusses the spatial heterogeneity law of the urban development efficiency about these cities based on ESDA （Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis）. Finally, it explores the temporal and spatial patterns of urban efficiency and explains the driving factors of the urban development efficiency. The results illustrate that the urban efficiency is relatively low, and only few metropolises were in DEA efficiencies. Spatial pattern of the urban development efficiency in China coincides with the spatial pattern of the economic development, city administrative level and scale level in China at present. Efficiency differences between the integrated cities and specialized cities significantly. The urban development efficiency not only exist the spatial dependence, there is also a strong spatial spillover effect among cities. The urban efficiency changing trends were decreasing during 2001-2010, in which they were all decreasing during the sub-period 2001-2005, and all increasing during the sub-period 2005-2010. Most cities are in a stage of increasing scale returns, and the main reasons for the relatively low urban efficiencies and their changing trends mainly lie in the insufficient scale investment. Location, resource endowments, industrial structure and policy factors are the main driving force of distribution and evolution pattern of China＇s urban efficiency.
出处
《经济地理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第12期53-60,共8页
Economic Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41061017)
甘肃省研究生导师科研项目(1201-14)
