摘要
针对我国北方年降雨时空分布不均和山地缺水、造林困难的特点,设计适宜干旱瘠薄山地推广应用的连接式集雨系统。该装置主要由雨水径流面、沉淀池、雨水中转池和集雨池组成,集雨池之间通过导水管相连接以扩大集雨量。丰水季节集水,枯水季节浇灌。连接式集雨池集雨的方式具有集水量大、使用寿命长、结构简单的特点。在莱芜苗山修建3个50m3的集雨池,结合径流面整治等费用,总投资约14 776.49元,可集水150m3,用于侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)和金银花(Lonicera japonica Thunb.)的造林试验。结果表明:每株苗木每次浇水4L,每年灌溉4次,造林成活率提高12.7%以上,翌年的保存率提高41.3%以上,翌年造林苗木的干物质积累量增加64.2%以上。在新泰市龙庭镇樱桃种植中,带来的直接经济效益达10万余元。因此,该设计可有效收集雨水,解决了干旱瘠薄山地造林难以成活的难点,且可充分有效地利用干旱瘠薄山地,为农民带来较大的经济效益。
Aiming at solving the problem of low afforestation survival caused by uneven rainwater distribution in north China,a new type of rainwater collecting systems,suitable application in arid mountain was designed.The rainwater-collecting system was composed of runoff surface,sedimentation tank,transporting pool and rain-collecting pool.To collect much rainwater,an aqueduct was used to connect the rain-collecting pool.Rain was collected in wet season and it was used for irrigation in low flow season.Connection type of rain-collecting pool was characteristic of the abundant rain-collecting,longer service life,and easily construction.The total cost of three rain-collecting pools which one pool can collect for 50 m3,a corresponding rain-collecting yard was about 14 776.49 yuan.The total rain-collecting water amount was 150 m3,which was used to irrigate Lonicera japonica Thunb.and Platycladus orientalis.The results showed that four liter of rain water was used each time,with four times every year.Under the same stand conditions,survival rate of afforestation was raised by 12.7%,the preservation rate of the second year was increased above 41.3%,as well as the dry matter accumulation of Chinese arborvitae was increased by 64.2%.In Longting,Xintai,Shandong,three rain-collecting pools were built and rain was used for irrigation to sweet cherry,which resulting to an economic income of ten thousand yuan.In conclusion,rain-collecting system was beneficent to the rainwater collection,low afforestation survival in arid mountains,as well as the fully utilization of arid mountains,and the people＇s economic income.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第6期215-218,223,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
山东省科技发展计划专项“山东省干旱瘠薄山地集雨造林关键技术研究”(2010GSF10621)
关键词
集雨
干旱
山地
应用效应
rain-collecting
arid
mountains
application effect
