摘要
孕源断链减灾是从源头上采取有效措施以防止灾害发生,遏制灾害发展或蔓延的一种防灾减灾思路。基于目前我国对灾害链孕源断链减灾相关研究成果,阐释了其内涵,梳理了孕源断链减灾的理论发展,综述了其实践应用,总结出孕源断链减灾的3种情形,即从灾变源头避免灾害启动,提前诱导载体转移以及特定灾害发生后防止灾害链蔓延。在此基础上,概括了灾害链的孕源断链减灾框架,并分析其在灾害防范中的优势与局限。针对孕源断链减灾的局限性,构建孕源断链减灾信息数据库作为综合防灾减灾的重要信息支撑。最后,指出孕源断链减灾将向功能更为普适,内容更为全面,结构更为明晰等方向发展。
This paper is inclined to make a general review of the re- search advances of chain-cutting disaster m^tigation from the gestation source at home in China. It is for this purpose that we have illustrated the current research status quo of the chain-cutting disaster mitigation from the gestation source while giving a general survey of theoretical developments as well as the practical application of the practical inno- vations based on the related research achievements and the chain- styled theory of the disaster. To put the long story short, the key ad- vances can be summarized in three ways： to avoid the disaster origi- nating from the headstream, to induce the disaster carrier to spread and change in advance, to prevent a disaster that has happened from spreading or resulting in a disaster chain. According to the above said three situations, we can summarize a framework of chain-cutting dis- aster mitigation from the gestation source. And, then, we can estab- lish a framework on the premise that the disaster extension stages can be identified and made known to the society, if it is possible to make the local people clear of the internal and external causes as well as the likely evolutionary tendencies of the disaster system, and then necessary measures be taken to reduce the likely disaster damage and loss. According to the data and documents we have collected, chief measures and steps for mitigating chain-cntting disasters from gesta- tion source can be stated as follows： First of all, the evolution stage has to be decided. If a disaster is in the gestation source, measures are to be taken to prevent or reduce the exchange of materials, energy and information sources before the disaster starts. Secondly, if symp- toms of a disaster have been found at any moment, it would be neces- sary to face the two situations： one is to reduce or transfer the disaster carrier and keep it under control; the other step is to rid of the dis- aster sources or eliminate any further likely-to-be sources. Although this method may have some advantages, such as low investment and high popularity, its bottleneck restrains its popularization in its diffi- culty in defining the disaster stages and its evolutionary regularity, plus the shortage of information-gathering means. To overcome such shortcomings, it is necessary to build up a database to collect and rectify the information on the disaster, which should cover the infor- mation and data surveyed and collected, and even try to update and enrich them timely and share them with other stations. And, finally, it is necessary to study more comprehensive functions on how to pre- vent more disaster types, such as meteorological and biological dis- asters. Thus, it can be seen that the chain-cutting disaster mitigation method can be made more useful only when it can be used in combi- nation with different theories and methods in both natural and social practice.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第6期246-251,共6页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40871048)
国家科技支持课题(2012BAC16B04)
关键词
安全科学技术其他学科
灾害及其防治
灾害链
孕源断链减灾
other disciplines of safety science and technology
disaster and its prevention
chain-cutting disaster mitigation from gestation source
disaster chain
