摘要
为探求不同类型耐盐植物对盐碱土生物改良效果及其机理,促进盐碱土作为后备耕地资源开发利用和盐碱地产业的发展,在宁夏银北地区以盐碱荒地为对照,选取3种有代表性的不同类型耐盐植物(柽柳、苇状羊茅、油葵)进行试验研究。经过3年(2008—2010)的试验,观测分析了不同类型耐盐植物对盐碱土理化性质、盐分含量及其微生物特性的影响。结果表明:种植柽柳、苇状羊茅、油葵对盐碱土(0～20cm)土壤容重的降低最为显著,分别较对照降低了24.16%、27.53%和24.72%;不同类型耐盐植物对地表的覆盖度不同,表现出"抑制春季土壤返盐,增强秋季洗盐"效应,导致土壤含水率及其垂直剖面分布不同;与对照相比,柽柳、苇状羊茅、油葵土壤的初始入渗率分别提高至9.96、3.74倍和1.49倍,稳定入渗率分别提高至5.33、3.49倍和1.65倍;3种耐盐植物种植有效降低土壤全盐含量,改善土壤肥力水平,种植柽柳、苇状羊茅、油葵分别降低土壤表层盐分86.4%、71.5%、46.1%,分别增加表层有机质73.7%、38.2%、21.3%。同时,种植柽柳、苇状羊茅、油葵改善了盐碱地微生物特征,分别增加表层0～20cm土壤微生物含量6.4、5.5倍和4.1倍,20～40cm土壤微生物含量分别增加了7.0、6.6倍和5.5倍。由此可知,耐盐植物通过盐分吸收、运移对盐碱地具有一定生物改良作用,依据耐盐植物的耐盐特性及其作用效果构建盐碱地生物改良模式,是盐碱地产业发展的新方向、新理念和新思路。
In order to investigate further effects and mechanisms of different halophytes growing in saline-alkali soil,and to promote the de-velopment and utilization of this kind of soil as a supplemental land resource,a saline-alkali soil was planted with three representative halo-phyte（Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.Festuca arundinacea Schreb,Helianthus annuus） monocultures in the north region of Yin Chuan City,Ningxia.Uncultivated soil was used as a control for comparison.The field experiment was conducted for 3 years（2008—2010） and soil chemical and physical properties,soil salt content and microbiological properties were analyzed.The bulk density of the surface soil（0～20 cm） decreased notably,and under Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.,Festuca arundinacea Schreb.and Helianthus annuus the bulk densities were 24.16%,27.53% and 24.72% lower than the control,respectively.Planting these three kinds of halophytes increased the surface coverage,which could be shown to affect the soil by inhibiting salt movement to the soil surface in spring and enhancing salt leaching through the soil profile in autumn.Compared with the control,the initial soil infiltration rate under Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.,Festuca arundinacea Schreb.and Helianthus annuus increased by 9.96 times,3.74 times and 1.49 times,respectively,and the stable soil infiltration rate increased by 5.33 times,3.49 times and 1.65 times（i.e.,in the same order）.The total salt contents of the soil were reduced and soil fertility levels were effective-ly improved.The total salt content of surface soil under Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.,Festuca arundinacea Schreb.and Helianthus annuus decreased by 86.4%,71.5%,and 46.1%,respectively,and their organic matter contents increased by 73.7%,38.2%,and 21.3%.Further-more,the microbial environment of the soil was improved,which was indicated by increases in the microbial number of the soil surface（0～20 cm） of 6.4 times,5.5 times and 4.1 times that of the control,and similar increases in the microbial number of the 20～40 cm soil layer of 7.0 times,6.6 times and 5.5 times that of the control.It was concluded that absorption of salt by the plants and migration of salt in the soil could increase the quality of the saline-alkali soil.Developing a halophyte-reclamation model,based on the biological effects of salt on halophytes,would be a new direction for research and a new idea for a tool that could be used for the development and utilization of saline-alkali soils.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第12期2433-2440,共8页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
宁夏回族自治区自然基金项目(NZ0972)
关键词
耐盐植物
盐碱土
生物改良
宁夏北部地区
halophytes
saline-alkali soil
bio-reclamation
the north part of Ningxia
