摘要
目的 为进一步减少重症监护病房患儿的病死率 ,分析和总结引起死亡的主要疾病 ,有助于提高儿内科医生特别是PICU专业人员对儿科常见病、危重病的认识。 方法 对近 15年来引起儿童死亡的主要疾病、各年龄段的主要死亡疾病以及不同时期的主要死亡疾病进行回顾性分析总结。 结果 比较 80～ 90年代 ,PCIU病死率有明显下降 ;重症肺炎 (包括先天性心脏病合并肺炎 )是儿童死亡的主要疾病 ,近年来死亡数有明显下降 ;婴儿期重症肺炎 (先心 +肺炎 )、败血症为主要死亡疾病 ,幼儿期以重症肺炎、重症病毒性脑炎为主 ,学龄前期以重症病毒性脑炎、败血症为主 ,而学龄期则以恶性肿瘤、重症病毒性脑炎为主 ;入PICU后 2 4小时内死亡者占 41 0 1%。 结论 儿童主要死亡疾病是重症肺炎 (先心 +肺炎 ) ,不同时期比较 ,虽然肺炎的病死率明显下降 ,但死亡数仍占首位。不同的年龄段 ,主要的死亡疾病不同 ,降低病死率的关键是对危重病有足够的认识、及早诊断、及时治疗。
Objective In order to reduce the mortality of patients in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit(PICU),we made an analysis and summary on the major death causes,thus,to improve the recognition of common and critical pediatric diseases by pediatricians,especially the medical professionals of the PICU.Methods Retrospective analysis and summary on major disorders that caused death in various age and time period during the recent 15 years was made.Results The PICU mortality reduced significantly while compared with that in the 1980s and 1990s,critical pneumonia (including those complicated with congenital heart defects)and septicemia were the major diseases that caused death in infancy.The major diseases that caused death in young children ware critical pneumonia and critical viral encephalitis.Critical viral encephalitis and septicemia were the major causes of death in preschool aged children while malignant tumors and critical encephalitis were the major causes of death in school aged children.41\^01% of the death occurred during the first 24 hours after entering PICU.Conclusion The main disease that caused death in children was critical pneumonia(congenital heart defects+pneumonia).Although there was considerable reduction of mortality in pneumonia while comparison was made between various aged groups.However,the absolute number of death still took the lead.The diseases that caused death varied in different aged groups.The key to reduce the mortality was adequate recognition,early diagnosis and therapy in time.
出处
《小儿急救医学》
2000年第2期79-81,共3页
Pediatric Emergency Medicine
