摘要
根据内含适应理论,利他者的利他行为会降低利他者自身的适合度,利他行为因此不能得到进化,但在自然界和人类社会中利他行为却广泛存在着,故而如何解释利他行为的进化成为了自达尔文以来长期困扰着生物学哲学界的一个难题。1998年索伯和威尔逊建立了一套数学模型,以试图根据群体选择理论来解释利他行为的进化,但二人所展示的利他行为进化是根据反辛普森悖论对两组数据在权重上进行操作所得到的虚假真实。在对索伯-威尔逊模型批判的基础上,我们提出了一种利他行为进化模型,认为利他行为的进化是在个体选择和群体选择的共同作用下进行的,当利他者的付出会给群体带来更高的回报时,拥有利他者的群体会表现出进化优势,这种进化优势与利他者在群体中的比率成正相关,利他者本身所持有的防御机制使得该利他优势得以保持,如此利他行为得以进化。
According to the inclusive fitness theory, altruistic behavior can＇t be evolved because that altruistic behavior would reduce the fitness of the altruist. As there are many altruistic behaviors in the nature and human society, how can explain the evolution of altruistic behavior is a puzzle perplexed many biology philosophers include Darwin. Elliott Sober and David Sloan Wilson created a mathematical model to explain the evolution of altruistic behavior using group selection theory at 1998. But this model is failed because of its manipulation about the weight of two sets of data on the basis of Anti-Simpson＇s paradox. On the critique of Sober ＆ Wilson model, we come up with a new model to explain the e- volution of altruistic behaviors. The altruistic behavior is evolved at both individual selection and group selection. A group which has altruists has superiority when the cost of the altruistic behavior can produce more benefits. This superiority would be maintained by defense mechanism altruists possessed. Thus, the altruistic behavior can be evolved.
出处
《自然辩证法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第12期112-118,共7页
Studies in Dialectics of Nature
