摘要
目的了解10～18岁儿童及青少年肿瘤患者症状的发生率、频率及困扰程度,识别影响其症状的因素,为临床开展症状管理提供依据。方法采用记忆症状评估简表对101例10～18岁肿瘤患儿进行问卷调查。结果儿童及青少年肿瘤患者躯体症状发生率居前5位的分别是出汗、没有胃口、恶心、对食物的味觉改变和没有精力;症状困扰程度居前5位的分别为疼痛、恶心、没有胃口、掉头发和便秘。在心理症状中,发生率最高的为感到紧张。性别、教育水平、治疗阶段及治疗环境不同的肿瘤患儿,其部分维度症状得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论肿瘤患儿症状有其自身特点,肿瘤科护士需根据患儿的不同性别、生长发育阶段、治疗阶段和治疗环境,提供针对性的症状管理。
Objective To describe occurrence, frequency, and distress of symptoms among children and teenagers with cancer, to identify factors influencing their experiences of symptoms, and to provide information for symptom management. Methods A total of 101 children and teenagers with cancer were chosen by convenient sampling method and completed the Memorial Symptom Assess- ment Scale Short Form （MSAS-SF）. Results The top five most prevalent physical symptoms were sweating, lack of appetite, nau- sea, change in taste, and lack of energy. The top five most bothering symptoms were pain, nausea, lack of appetite, hair loss and constipation. In psychological symptoms, the most common symptom was feeling nervous. Patients with different gender and edu- cational levels, at different treatment stages and environment had different scores in some subscales of the MSAS-SF （P^0.05, P^0.01）. Conclusion Children and teenagers with cancer have characterized symptoms. Oncology nurses should provide targeted symptom management according to patientst gender, developmental stage, treatment stage and environment.
基金
世界健康基金会癌症症状管理基金项目(05527-10-1)
关键词
儿童
青少年
肿瘤
症状特征
症状困扰
症状管理
children
teenagers
cancer
symptom characteristics
symptom distress
symptom management
