摘要
目的总结2011年新疆鼠疫防治监测工作情况,分析动物鼠疫流行趋势,指导全疆鼠疫防治工作。方法收集2011年全疆各鼠疫监测点防治监测工作上报资料进行汇总统计分析。结果 2011年对22个疫源县(市)和荒漠鼠疫所涉及的10个县(市)的4 630名医疗卫生专业人员进行了培训,发放宣传材料12万份,约11万人次的群众接受了鼠疫防治知识的宣传教育。山地动物鼠疫监测:旱獭密度路线法平均0.38只/hm2,样地法1.81只/hm2;长尾黄鼠密度定点法5月为16.9只/hm2,7月为24.4只/hm2;旱獭总染蚤率平均为48.4%,总蚤指数为2.16;长尾黄鼠总染蚤率平均为92.8%,总蚤指数为6.91;检验各种动物血清6 595份,从1 129份长尾黄鼠血清中检出鼠疫F1抗体阳性16份;共检出鼠疫菌20株,其中北天山18株,东昆仑山2株。准噶尔盆地荒漠鼠疫监测:在14个县(市、区),捕获各种鼠类共1 084只,其中大沙鼠787只,检出鼠疫F1抗体阳性血清50份,血清阳性率6.4%,其中克拉玛依白碱滩阳性检出率14.1%,高出准噶尔区域平均水平;病原学检测啮齿动物脏器标本1 041份,其中大沙鼠703份,自克拉玛依白碱滩分离鼠疫菌1株;检验蚤类标本7 529只,检出鼠疫菌2株,分别来自克拉玛依白碱滩大沙鼠体蚤臀突客蚤1株和子午沙鼠体蚤同型客蚤1株;媒介监测各类标本584份,其中获蚤10种5 342只,染蚤率74.1%,总体蚤指数12.1。结论 2011年全疆共监测到8个县(市)发生动物鼠疫流行,昆仑山东部区域疫情较为活跃,北天山山地疫情仍然维持较高强度的流行趋势,准噶尔盆地局部区域动物鼠疫爆发流行。
Objective To guide prevention and control of plague by summarizing experience of prevention and control and analyzing trends of animal plague in Xinjiang in 2011.Methods Reported data of all monitoring stations in Xinjiang in 2011 were collected and analyzed.Results In 2011,4 630 health professionals from 22 foci counties（cities） and 10 counties（cities） involved in desert plague were trained,and 120 000 copies of propaganda material were delivered,with about 110 000 people accepted knowledge about prevention and control of plague.Surveillance results of animal plague in mountains were as follow： Marmot density was 0.38/ha with path method,1.81/ha with sample plot method;Citellus undulatus density was 16.9/ha by fixed-point way in May and 24.4/ha in July;The rate of marmot carrying fleas was 48.4% with total flea index of 2.16;The rate of Citellus undulatus carrying fleas was 92.8% with the total flea index of 6.91;6 595 samples of animal sera were detected;Out of 1 129 sera samples of Citellus undulatus,16 were positive of plague F1 antibody;20 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated,with 18 strains from the North Tianshan Mountains and 2 strains from the East Kunlun Mountains.The surveillance results of animal plague in the Junggar Basin： 1 084 rats of different species were captured in 14 counties（cities/districts）.Out of 787 sera samples of Rhombomys opimus,50 were positive of plague F1 antibody with the positive rate of 6.4%;Especially,the positive rate of the rodents in Baijiantan District of Karamay was up to 14.1%,higher than the average of rodents in the Junggar Basin;1 041 organ samples of rodents were detected for pathogen,including 703 Rhombomys opimus with 1 strain of Yersinia pestis isolated from the Baijiantan district;7 529 flea samples were detected for pathogen with 2 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from Xenopsylla conformis and Xenopsylla minax in the Baijiantan District of Karamay;584 samples of various kinds were surveyed,and 5 342 fleas,belonging to 10 kinds,were captured.The rate of carrying fleas was 74.1% with the total flea index of 12.1.Conclusions Animal plagues occurs in 8 counties（cities） of Xinjiang in 2011,and are active in the East Kunlun Mountains and still remains a relatively high prevalence in the North Tianshan Mountains.There is an outbreak in the local region of the Junggar Basin.
出处
《疾病预防控制通报》
2012年第5期28-30,33,共4页
Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技资助项目(200933120)
关键词
鼠疫
鼠密度
染蚤率
鼠疫菌
新疆
Plague
Density
rodents
Rate
carrying fleas
Yersinia pestis
Xinjiang
