摘要
近年来,我国政府环境治理支出规模不断增加,本文运用数据包络分析(DEA)评价我国地方政府的环境治理支出效率。此外,还选取财政分权度、人均GDP、城市化率、工业化率等指标作为不可控外生变量,运用受限因变量Tobit模型实证检验影响我国政府用于环境治理支出效率的因素。结果表明,我国省级政府环境治理支出的效率较高,但差异较大;分区域来看,东部地区的环境治理支出效率最高,其后依次是中部地区、东北地区和西部地区;大多数省份都处于规模报酬递减阶段,说明地方政府在环境治理方面的支出已超过最优规模,投入的资金并没很好地用于改善环境,存在效率损失;财政分权、城市化率和工业化水平阻碍了支出效率的提高,而人均GDP对支出效率有正效应。基于实证研究结论,本文提出了进一步提高我国地方政府环境治理支出效率的政策建议。
With the development of economy, more and more serious environmental pollution has appeared since the reform and opening up in China. Because of the enhancement of consumers＇ requirement for environment quality, the burden on the government＇ s shoulder turns out to be heavier and heavier. Now the environment has be- come a very rare resource in economic society. It is necessary to know the efficiencies of fund investment of local governments in environmental protection and the environmental variances of input and output to environmental pro- tection efficiencies. Environmental problems are too serious to be addressed by individual region or individual peo- ple. In other words, we have reached the stage that environmental problems be solved in national view. In this paper, the authors take the efficiency of the expenditure for environmental protection by provincial gov- ernments as the research object. With the samples of the provincial data in 2010 ,the authors choose environmental protection system of the 29 provinces in our country as the decision making units. The industrial waste water dis- charge amount, sulfur dioxide discharge amount, industrial solid wastes discharge amount and consumption wastes collected and transported amount are selected as the output indicators to measure the effect of environmental protec- tion in the paper. From the view of input and output, an empirical analysis on the technique efficiency, pure technique efficiency and scale efficiency by applying Data Envelopment Analysis is made to the expenditure for environmental protection efficiencies of 29 provincial governments in our country. It is shown that environmental protection efficiencies in China are optimistic. However, there is much difference in environmental protection efficiencies among different re- gions. Comparatively speaking, governments in eastern and central China have more efficient financial expenditure for environmental protection and have similar levels of financial efficiency, while efficiency in the West was far low- er. The research results show that there is 42.94% input waste in the fiscal expenditure of local public environmen- tal protection in the Western region, among which pure technique efficiency affected the entire technique efficien- cy. Based on the efficiency values calculated by DEA, the Tobit model, which is a limited dependent variable mod- el, is used to test the determinants of the environmental protection efficiency in China. The authors select the ex- penditure for environment protection as explanatory variable, and select the per capita GDP, urbanization level, in- dustrialization level and fiscal decentralization as control variables. The empirical results show that the per capita GDP has a significant positive effect on the environmental efficiency, but urbanization level, industrialization level and fiscal decentralization have a negative effect. Finally, some advices have been put up based on the empirical research. Firstly, the government should strengthen the management. At present, most provinces＇ environmental govern- ance is at the decreasing stage of the scale return in our country. Therefore, we should strengthen the institutional system of local government behavior, optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure, and improve the environmental management level. This will help to reduce governmental efficiency loss and keep the balance among regions. Secondly moderate fiscal centralization is helpful to improve the environmental governance efficiency of fiscal expenditure. At present, the expenditure of public sector is not transparent, and the power of public scrutiny is not strong. The high fiscal decentralization will lead to waste and corruption to some degree. Therefore, we may choose to transfer the right of the environmental management of the fiscal expenditure responsibility from the local govern- ment to the central government. Meanwhile the central government should also continue to intensify the local envi- ronmental management and guide the local government. Thirdly, we should make full use of financial resourecs to do a good job in environmental protection, such as fi- nancial subsidies, tax pricing, preferential tax and environmental bonds. On one hand, we can reduce the sources of environmental pollution. On the other hand,we can fully enactive the public enthusiasm of the environmental pre- vention.
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第11期152-159,共8页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"我国低碳经济发展路径与政策研究"(10BJL034)
