摘要
我国近几年实施的家电以旧换新政策除了刺激消费需求外,对废旧电子产品回收也产生了积极的带动效应。本文对这一效应进行考察,指出该政策可以向废旧电子产品回收体系发展,并针对我国现有废旧电子产品回收体系存在的问题,提出了规范化的废旧电子产品回收再利用体系。同时,本文建立了环保积分制模型,提出企业层面的以旧换新策略既符合生产者责任制的基本思想,又能为有拆解资质的回收处理企业提供补贴,有效促进正规回收渠道的发展,从而提升废旧电子产品回收体系的市场自运营能力。
In China's Mainland, the old-for-new policy on household electrical appliances has been in force for more than two years and has brought a positive effect on the recycling of waste electrical products, besides boosting consumption. The paper focuses on this effect and suggests that the old-for-new policy can be improved into a recy- cling system of waste electrical products, since the newly established recycling platform promoted by government has been pretty complete and it is too much a waste to end it suddenly. After analyzing the weakness of current re- cycling system, such as too much dependence on government subsidies, lack of enterprise cooperation and unable to sustainably develop and so on, the paper proposes a standardized system of reusing and recycling waste products. Based on the original recycling system, the improved one adds the cooperation between manufacturing firms and re- tailers and qualified recycling firms. Through building a model of environment-friendly credit, the improved system is proved to enable the recycling project of waste electrical products to self-operate smoothly in the market, without needing too much interference of government. The credit model describes a price competition between regular recycling channel, which consists of manufac- turing firms, retailers and qualified recycling firms who own an official qualification of disassembling electrical prod- ucts, and irregular recycling channel which contains unqualified recycling firms who don＇t own an official qualifica- tion of disassembling electrical products. First, the paper finds that in both channels recycling price is both posi- tively related with unit profit; however, the recycling price in irregular channel is highly affected by that in regular channel, which means as a economic unit only driven by economic value, unqualified firms have quite high price sensitivity and are impacted more easily by the price competition in recycling market. The feature can be utilized by regular recycling channel to make a way to win more market share. Second, the paper analyses the sensitivity of the proportion of refurbishing on recycling price. In regular recy- cling channel, the correlation degree of refurbishing proportion with recycling price is positive and proportional to the profit gap between refurbishing and disassembling old electrical products, while in irregular recycling channel the correlation degree is also influenced by the recycling profit level of unit product in regular channel. When quali- fied recycling firms improve unit profit, the refurbishing, originally as an advantage for unqualified firms, would impose a smaller influence on the contribution to the profit of irregular channel, which means the competitiveness of unqualified recycling firms in the market becomes relatively lower. In practice, qualified recycling firms should struggle with the problem that how to reduce recycling costs as much as possible and resolve to extend the value chain of disposal in order to improve recycling profit of unit product. Third, in the credit model, through cooperation in the form of an old-for-new strategy in the enterprise level, manufacturing firms, retailers and qualified recycling firms all make contributions to recycling price, which is much higher than that before putting improved system in practice, and the actual price provided by qualified recycling firms is lower than before, which is beneficial to the development of regular recycling. At the same time, in irregu- lar recycling channel the recycling price also goes up, but the recycling amount drops down, which led to an in- crease in recycling cost and impairs the competitiveness of unqualified recycling firms. Finally, the paper shows that the distributed portions of recycling price provided by manufacturing firms and retailers are positively related with their profits from selling new products, which shows the fairness and feasibility of the improved recycling system. The model of environment-friendly credit accords with the idea of Extended Produc- er Responsibility which provides subsidies to qualified recycling firms. Also, some suggestions about the recycling policy are provided to guarantee a good implement of improved recycling system.
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第11期103-112,共10页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
关键词
以旧换新
废旧电子产品
回收体系
环保积分
生产者责任制
old-for-new policy
waste electrical products
recycling system
environment-friendly credit
ex- tended producer responsibility
