6Henry Jenkins 所著 What Made Pistachio nuts?Early Sound Comedy and the Vaudeville Aesthetic ( New York: Columbia University Press, 1992).
7Douglas Gomery 所著 The Coming of Sound: Echnological in the American Film Industry ,Tino Balio The American Film Industry ( Madison :University of Wisconsin Press, 1985), pp.229-251.
8Robrt·C· Allen, Douglasgomery 合著 Film History: Theory and Practice (Newyork: Knopf, 1985)
