摘要
通过定期监测铸造生产环境中的粉尘、毒物浓度及噪声强度 ,并进行 17年动态观察 ,总结了综合性治理措施。用电子扫描显微镜能散X线分析 (SEM -EDS)方法对铸造粉尘表面成分进行了分析。结果表明 ,清理、造型、配砂、制芯、熔化和落砂等工序游离SiO2 含量均超过 10 % ,分散度小于 5 μm的可吸入性粉尘偏高 (6 9 5 %～ 78% ) ,空气中矽尘没有Al的包裹 ,是新鲜的粉尘 ,致病性强。采取综合性防治措施后 ,粉尘、毒物浓度明显下降 ,铸造作业职业危害特点是低浓度粉尘、多种低浓度毒物与高噪声强度共存。
Environment concentration of dust,toxicants and noise has been monitoring for 17 years.Comprehensive control measures are summarized.The contaminants on particulate surface are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X ray analysis(SEM-EDS).The results show that in the processes of shake out and finishing,molding,sand preparation,pouring,melting and coremaking,all the dusts are silica containing dust.The respirable dust(<5 μm) occupies as high as 69 5%～78%.Silica containing dust in foundry air is not packed by Al.It indicates that silica dust in foundry air is fresh and highly pathogenic.With comprehensive control measures,development of technological innovation and using new chemical materials,concentrations of dust and toxicants have significantly lowered except the noise.The characteristics of hazards in foundry are low concentration of dust,a wide variety of low concentration toxicants and a high level of noise.
出处
《工业卫生与职业病》
CAS
CSCD
2000年第3期152-156,共5页
Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases
