摘要
建立可靠的船舶排放清单不仅是大气环境科学领域对船舶排放影响进行定量研究的重要基础,也是管理部门制定污染减排措施和政策的重要依据。以常规大气污染物和温室气体为研究对象,采用由下而上的动力法对进出上海港船舶排放进行了研究。通过对上海港船舶进出签证数、船舶种类、吨位分布、运行工况、排放因子和燃油校正因子等多要素开展调查和分析,获得了上海港外港和内河9种船种和4种运行工况条件下大气污染物和温室气体排放总量,并结合船舶自动识别系统(AIS)确定了1 km×1 km网格精度的大气污染物和温室气体的排放空间分布。结果表明:2010年,上海港船舶排放PM100.46万t,PM2.50.37万t,柴油颗粒物(DPM)0.44万t,NOx5.73万t,SOx3.54万t,CO 0.49万t,碳氢化合物(HC)0.21万t;排放温室气体CO2288.55万t,N2O0.01万t,CH40.004万t。与全市排放清单总量相比,上海港船舶排放对SO2、NOx和PM2.5的排放影响最为显著,分担率分别达到12.0%、9.0%和5.3%。其中,以远洋船为首要来源,其排放量对全市排放清单的分担率分别为12.0%、8.4%和5.1%。
The present paper attempts to introduce its study on the shipping pollutant emission inventory by taking Shanghai Port as a case sample. As is reported, Shanghai port succeeded in handling 29.07 million TEUs in 2010, thus ranking the world＇s busiest container-shipping champion in taking the place of Singaporean port. What is more, having accomplished a cargo shipment of 650 million tons in 2010, Shanghai port has been already honored as champion in this connection in the world for consecutive four years since 2006. Great as the advancement in vessel-shipment inventory may be, it is undeniable that, with the corresponding shipping emissions, which has in turn brought about tremendous environmental impact on the air and water, and even on the entire environment of the metropolis. And, consequently, it has become urgent to work out a reliable and up-to-date ship emission inventory and take immediate measures to limit and reduce the negative impact of shipping emission on the city. It is just for this urgent need that we have investigated the emission inventory of criteria pollutants and green house gases of vessels in the port based on the bottom-up driving mode in 2010. With a detailed survey made and activity analysis on the registration records, vessels types, tonnage distribution, driving modes, emission factors and fuel correction factors, we have worked out a total emission inventory of the vessels in and out Shanghai port by using the emission estimation methods. And, then, we have further divided the above said shipment emission into 9 types of vessels under 4 driving modes within the outer port and the inner river water-ways. Furthermore, we have achieved the spatial distribution of pollutants and green house gases based on the resolution of 1 km ＆times; 1 km grids to meet the demands of the numeric modeling, supported by the automatic identification system （AIS） in our paper. Thus, it can be followed that the total emissions of PM10, PM2.5, DPM, NOOx, SOOx, CO and HC by vessels were found to be equal to 4 600 ton, 3 700 ton, 4 400 ton, 57.3 thousand ton, 35.4 thousand ton, 4 900 ton and 2 100 ton in 2010. The entire shipment was accounted to have produced green house gases with 2.885 5 million ton of CO2, 100 ton of N2O and 40 ton of N2O. Comparing the total emission inventory in Shanghai, we have got to know that the share of the shipment contribution of the metropolis is equal to 12.0%, 9.0% and 5.3% of the three key pollutants, including SO2, NOOx and PM2.5. Of all the kinds of shipment, the ocean-going vessels are responsible for the total emission inventory with the shares of 12.0%, 8.4% and 5.1%, respectively.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第5期57-64,共8页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
上海市环保局科研项目(沪环2010-9
沪环2011-55)
关键词
水路运输
大气污染物
温室气体
排放清单
上海港
water transportation
criteria pollutants
green housegas
emission inventory
Shanghai port
