摘要
能源消费排放是最主要的碳排放来源,研究能源碳足迹重要理论和现实意义。如何准确计算和表征能源碳足迹的大小成为该研究领域的重要问题。在文献回顾的基础上,文章总结了3种目前应用较广泛的计算区域能源消费碳足迹的方法和模型,它们分别是碳汇法、净初级生产力改进模型和净生态系统生产力改进模型。分别介绍了其计算公式、输入参数和计算过程。以湖北省1998—2009年能源消费碳足迹的计算为例,分别用这几种方法计算了能源消费碳足迹的总量和人均碳足迹。得到的主要结论有:研究区域能源消费碳排放量增长较快,3种方法和模型计算得到的碳足迹总量和人均量从时间序列上看,整体变化趋势一致,碳足迹亦呈现快速增长。但3种模型计算出的碳足迹大小差异较大,碳汇法模型足迹最大,净生态系统生产力改进模型次之,净初级生产力改进模型结果最小,并且碳汇法的计算结果明显大于其他两种模型。计算结果差异的原因在于,传统碳汇法模型只考虑林地的碳吸收能力,忽略了区域其他用地类型的碳吸收能力。净初级生产力改进模型考虑了各种用地类型的吸收能力,但从生态系统来说忽略了异氧呼吸的碳释放,高估了区域的碳吸收能力。几种模型都运用了固定值或者平均统计量,未能考虑地域差异,同时未考虑各统计量随时间和气候等变化而变化的可能,存在一定的不合理性,这也是今后研究值得深入研究的方向。
Energy consumption is the main source of carbon emissions. Research on carbon footprint of energy consumption has important theoretical and practical significance. How to accurately calculate or express carbon footprint of energy consumption has become an important question of this research field. Based on a related literatures review, this paper summarizes the main calculation models which are widely applied for calculating carbon footprint of energy consumption at present. They are carbon sink model, net primary productivity modified model and net ecosystem productivity modified model. Formulas, parameters and calculation process of above three models are introduced respectively. Take Hubei province as an example, calculated total and per capita carbon footprint of energy consumption from 1998 to 2009 using these three models. The main results are： The study area carbon emissions of energy consumption is growing rapidly, total or per carbon footprint of three models calculation have the consistent trend basically from time series, all present rapid growth. But three models＇ results are great difference in quantitative terms. Carbon sink model＇s result is the biggest, net ecosystem productivity modified model is the second and net primary productivity modified model results is minimum of them. And carbon sink model＇s result significantly bigger than the other two models＇. The reasons for the results＇ differences are because that the carbon sink model only considers the forest absorption ability ignore other land use types in study area. Net primary productivity modified model considers various land types which are capable of carbon absorption, but ignores the carbon emissions from heterotrophic respiration of ecological system, overestimates regional carbon absorption ability. In the study, we can see that three models have all used fixed value or average statistics, failed to take account of regional differences. At the same time, there is a little bit of irrationality that models do not considering the possibility of fixed value or average statistics＇ change follow time and climate change. These questions are worth further study in the future.
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第9期1533-1538,共6页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAJ22B02)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2012M511679)
关键词
能源
碳足迹
净初级生产力
净生态系统生产力
energy
carbon footprint
net primary productivity
net ecosystem productivity
