摘要
目的为了了解提速及电化改造后机车乘务人员的劳动卫生现状,噪声频谱分析是其中重点项目之一。方法测量与评价方法按GB/T3450-2006《铁道机车和动车组司机室噪声限值及测量方法》随机抽样进行。结果以各型机车司机室噪声LAeq对标合格率评价,存在HXD3、DF8B达标情况较好,而SS7E、DF4达标情况较差的倾向。总体来讲,各型机车组LAeq均值差异有显著意义(F=5.43,P≤0.05);但各型机车司机室噪声LAeq均值除DF4、SS7E型机车超标外,其余四型均符合GB/T3450-2006标准所要求的78 dB(A)的限值;机车噪声是一种频率分布比较宽的混合噪声,其峰值多出现在1 000 Hz周围,在1 000～4 000 Hz人耳声音最为敏感。结论机车司机室噪声均值,除DF4型及SS7E型机车外,其余车型合格率尚可。
Objective To understand the labor sanitation situation of locomotive drivers and analysis on frequency spectrum of noise from locomotive driver-working room after train speeded and electrification reformed.Methods Random sampling was adopted to test and evaluate by GB/T3450-2006.Results Evaluating by any a noise LAeq from all type of locomotive driver working-rooms,the type of HXD3 and DF8B were better in keeping with the criterion,but SS7E DF4 worse.Generally speaking,there was significant difference（F=5.43,P0.005） in average LAeq of locomotive types.Except for DF4 and SS7E,the average LAeq of other four type of locomotive driver working-rooms was keeping with GB/T3450-2006（78（dBA））.The noise of locomotive is a mixed noise which frequency distribute much wider,the frequency is always about 1kHz,and the noise which people is sensitive always is beyond 60（dBA） by 1～4 kHz.Conclusion Science and technology of railway could not eliminate the noise of occupational hazards from locomotive driver working-room and the situation which was harmonious between drivers and environment of locomotive,and there were still numerical values which beyond 20%～62.5%.Except for DF4 and SS7E,the qualification rates of the others was satisfacted.
出处
《铁路节能环保与安全卫生》
2012年第5期264-267,共4页
Railway Energy Saving & Environmental Protection & Occupational Safety and Health
基金
兰州铁路局科技发展基金立项课题[2009]465号
关键词
铁路机车
司机室
噪声
频谱
Railway
Locomotive
Driver working-room
Noise
Frequency spectrum
